BACKGROUND: The Biopsychosocial (BPS) model is recognized and widely accepted in the field of health care, particularly in rehabilitation. However, in clinical practice the applicability of the BPS model is a challenge for many professionals. METHOD: This study aimed to explore the factors that impact the perception of rehabilitation professionals about the BPS model in Ukraine. In addition, the job satisfaction assessment was done to measure whether rehabilitation specialists in Ukraine fulfil their professional roles according to their expectations and values. Participants were 346 rehabilitation specialists from Ukraine who completed the Bio-Psycho-Social Scale (BPS) for Use in Healthcare and the Global Job Satisfaction Scale (GJSS). The ANOVA was used to investigate the outcome differences between the two scales. RESULTS: The highest proportion of responders in this study represented state health services. The BPS subscale outcomes on "assessment and reporting" and "professional knowledge and skills" were significantly higher for specialists from a private sector. The global job satisfaction scale outcomes did not differ between responders from the private and state health sector. The perception of professionals networks was associated with greater job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that conception of the BPS approach in rehabilitation system of Ukraine varies across the private and state settings. The professional network plays important role in job satisfaction of rehabilitation professionals in Ukraine. Future research focusing on education strategies to effectively train professionals to apply biopsychosocial approach to practice is of critical importance to prepare rehabilitation specialists in Ukraine.

1 Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University Ternopil Ukraine

Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University Lviv Ukraine

European Federation of Adapted Physical Activity Olomouc Czech Republic

Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University Ternopil Ukraine

Katholieke Hogeschool VIVES Kortrijk Belgium

Khmelnytskyi National University Khmelnytskyi Ukraine

Latvian Academy of Sport Education Brivibas Str 333 Riga Latvia

Lviv State University of Physical Culture Lviv Ukraine

National University of Physical Education and Science Kyiv Ukraine

Pridneprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sport Kharkiv Ukraine

Sumy State University Sumy Ukraine

See more in PubMed

International classification of functioning disability and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/international-classification-of-functioning-disabilityand-health . Available online

Miles A, Mezzich J. The care of the patient and the soul of the clinic: person- centered medicine as an emergent model of modern clinical practice. I J Person Centered Med. 2011;1(2):207–222.

Van de Velde D, Eijkelkamp A, Peersman W, De Vriendt P. How competent are healthcare professionals in working according to a bio-psycho-social model in healthcare? the current status and validation of a scale. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(10):e0164018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164018. PubMed DOI PMC

Alexanders J, Anderson A, Henderson S. Musculoskeletal physiotherapists’ use of psychological interventions: a systematic review of therapists’ perceptions and practice. Physiotherapy. 2015;101(2):95–102. PubMed

França AA, Santos VD, Filho RL, Pires KF, Lagoa KF, Martins WR. “It’s very complicated”: Perspectives and beliefs of newly graduated physiotherapists about the biopsychosocial model for treating people experiencing non-specific low back pain in Brazil. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019;42:84–9. 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.04.011. PubMed

Mescouto K, Olson RE, Hodges PW, Setchell J. A critical review of biopsychosocial model of low back pain care: time for a new approach? Disabil Rehabil. 2020; Dec 7:1–15. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1851783 Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33284644 PubMed

Kaye JA, Spence D, Alexanders J. Using a biopsychosocial approach within acl rehabilitation: an exploration of student physiotherapists` perceptions and experiences. Physiother Theory Pract. 2021 doi: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1882019. PubMed DOI

Gentry K, Snyder K, Barstow B, Hamson-Utley J. The biopsychosocial model: application to occupational therapy practice. J Occup Ther. 2018;6(4):12. 10.15453/2168-6408.1412.

Hubbard S. Towards a truly holistic approach to occupational therapy. Br J Occup Ther. 1991;54(11):415–418. doi: 10.1177/030802269105401108. DOI

Mills JA, Cieza A, Short SD, Middleton JW. Development and validation of the WHO rehabilitation competency framework: a mixed methods study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;102(6):1113–1123. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.10.129. PubMed DOI PMC

Rehabilitation Competency Framework, Geneva, 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Mack E. Volodymyr Zelenskyy to Newsmax: We're the World's 'Defensive Perimeter. 2022; Newsmax. https://www.newsmax.com/newsmax-tv/volodymyr-zelenkskyy-ukraine-war-invasion/2022/05/31/id/1072344/ . Available online

Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Changes to the Handbook of qualification characteristics of employees' professions [Змiни дo Дoвiдникa квaлiфiкaцiйниx xapaктepиcтик пpoфeciй пpaцiвникiв]. 2018; 78, Health Care, Order nr 13.12.2018, nr 2331. Available online https://moz.gov.ua/uploads/1/9223-dn_20181213_2331.pdf

Ministry of Health of Ukraine. About approval of the List specializations for the training of higher education applicants for the master's degree for specialty [Пpo зaтвepджeння Пepeлiкy cпeцiaлiзaцiй пiдгoтoвки здoбyвaчiв вищoї ocвiти cтyпeня мaгicтpa зa cпeцiaльнicтю ]. 2018; 227 “Physiotherapy and Occupational therapy”, Order nr. 2013 as of 02.11.2018 registered with Ministry of Justice under nr. 1335/32787 on 26.11.2018. Available online: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1335-18#Text

Dolynna O, Liskov Y, Kolisnyk S, Trygub R, Chupyk GV, Kolinyk P. IFC-model in assessment of functioning, goals setting and choice of rehabilitation. 2020; 22nd European congress of physical and rehabilitation medicine, ESPRM.

Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Directive nr1671-p, 2020; Retrieved on June 17, 2022. Available online: http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KR201671.html

World Health Organization. Situation assessment of rehabilitation in Ukraine. 2021; WHO Regional Office for Europe. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO

Lu H, Barriball KL, Zhang X, While AE. Job satisfaction among hospital nurses revisited: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012;49(8):1017–1038. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.11.009. PubMed DOI

Cicolini G, Comparcini D, Simonetti V. Workplace empowerment and nurses’ job satisfaction: a systematic literature review. J Nurs Manag. 2014;22(7):855–71. PubMed

Delobelle P, Rawlinson JL, Ntuli S, Malatsi I, Decock R, Depoorter AM. Job satisfaction and turnover intent of primary healthcare nurses in rural South Africa: a questionnaire survey. J Adv Nurs. 2011;67(2):371–383. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05496.x. PubMed DOI

Chemali Z, et al. Burnout among healthcare providers in the complex environment of the Middle East: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:1337. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7713-1. PubMed DOI PMC

Eker L, et al. Predictors of job satisfaction among physiotherapists in Turkey. J Occup Health. 2004;46(6):500–505. doi: 10.1539/joh.46.500. PubMed DOI

Alkassabi OY, et al. Job satisfaction among physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia: does the leadership style matter? BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:422. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3184-9. PubMed DOI PMC

Rodwell J, et al. The impact of the work conditions of allied health professionals on satisfaction, commitment and psychological distress. Health Care Manag Rev. 2009;34(3):273–283. doi: 10.1097/HMR.0b013e31819e76da. PubMed DOI

De Vriendt P, Cornelis E, Desmet V, Vanbosseghem R, Van de Velde D. Quality in dementia care: a cross sectional study on the Bio-Psycho-Social competencies of health care professionals. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(2):e0191440. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191440. PubMed DOI PMC

Spector P. Measure of human service staff satisfaction: development of the job satisfaction survey. Am J Community Psychol. 1985;13(6):693–713. doi: 10.1007/BF00929796. PubMed DOI

Sarstedt M, Mooi E. Cluster Analysis. In: A Concise Guide to Market Research. Springer Texts in Business and Economics. 2019; Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 10.1007/978-3-662-56707-4_9

Conry MC, et al. The clustering of health behaviors in Ireland and their relationship with mental health, self-rated health and quality of life. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:692. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-692. PubMed DOI PMC

Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. On the approval of the Concept of electronic development Health Care [Пpo cxвaлeння Кoнцeпцiї poзвиткy eлeктpoннoї oxopoни здopoв'я] Order Nr. 1671, 2020. http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KR201671.html . Available from

Latzke M, Putz P, Kulnik ST, Schlegl C, Sorge M, Mériaux-Kratochvila S. Physiotherapists’ job satisfaction according to employment situation: findings from an online survey in Austria. Physiother Res Int. 2021;26(3):e1907. 10.1002/pri.1907. PubMed PMC

Davies JM, Edgar S, Debenham J. A qualitative exploration of the factors influencing the job satisfaction and career development of physiotherapists in private practice. Man Ther. 2016;25:56–61. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2016.06.001. PubMed DOI

Muddle L, O’Malley JC, Stupans I. Learning and teaching of patient centered communication skills in allied healthcare manual therapy students: a systematic review. Int J Osteopathic Med. 2019;32:21–7. 10.1016/j.ijosm.2019.04.002.

AlEisa E, et al. Predictors of global job satisfaction among Saudi physiotherapists: a descriptive study. Ann Saudi Med. 2015;35(1):46. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2015.46. PubMed DOI PMC

Holopainen, R Exploring the meaning if biopsychosocial approach in the management of musculoskeletal conditions. 2021; Published doctoral dissertation, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/75883/1/978-951-39-8652-0_vaitos_2021_06_04.pdf . Available online

Qutishat D, Al-Yahya E, Mohammad MT, Muhaidat J, Al-Khlaifat L, Okasheh R. The application of the international classification of functioning, disability and health as a framework in clinical reasoning; educators’ and graduates’ perspectives: a qualitative study. Phys Ther Rev. 2021;26(1):34–41. doi: 10.1080/10833196.2020.1840271. DOI