This article presents the protocol on Quality Controls in PET/CT and PET/MRI published online in May 2022 by the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics (EFOMP), which was developed by the Working group for PET/CT and PET/MRI Quality Control (QC) protocol. The main objective of this protocol was to comprehensively provide simple and practical procedures that may be integrated into clinical practice to identify changes in the PET/CT/MRI system's performance and avoid short- and long-term quality deterioration. The protocol describes the quality control procedures on radionuclide calibrators, weighing scales, PET, CT and MRI systems using selected and measurable parameters that are directly linked to clinical images quality. It helps to detect problems before they can impact clinical studies in terms of safety, image quality, quantification accuracy and patient radiation dose. CT and MRI QCs are described only in the context of their use for PET (attenuation correction and anatomical localization) imaging. Detailed step-by-step instructions have been provided, limiting any misinterpretations or interpersonal variations as much as possible. This paper presents the main characteristics of the protocol illustrated together with a brief summary of the content of each chapter. A regular QC based on the proposed protocol would guarantee that PET/CT and PET/MRI systems operate under optimal conditions, resulting in the best performance for routine clinical tasks.

Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Medical University of Vienna Austria

Christie Medical Physics and Engineering The Christie NHS Foundation Trust Withington Manchester UK

Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection University Hospital Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Medical Physics and Radiological Protection University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain

Department of Nuclear Medicine Leipzig University Hospital Liebigstr 18 Leipzig Germany

Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Cantonal Hospital Lucerne Lucerne Switzerland

Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica e Departamento de Física Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande Lisboa Portugal

IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital Rozzano Italy

King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London King's Health Partners London UK

Medical Image and Signal Processing Ghent University Belgium

Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering AUSL Romagna Cesena Italy

Medical Physics Department Affidea Cancer Treatment Centre in Wałbrzych Wałbrzych Poland

Medical Physics Department AOU Ospedali Riunti Ancona

Medical Physics Department German Oncology Center Limassol Cyprus

Medical Physics Department Hygeia Hospital SA Athens Greece

Medical Physics Department Institut Català d'Oncologia L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain

Medical Physics Department Theageneio Hospital Thessaloniki Greece

Medical Physics Department University Hospital Maggiore della Carità Novara Italy

Medical Physics Department Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV IRCCS Padua Italy

Medical Physics Unit Siena University Hospital Siena Italy

Nuclear Medicine and Cyclotron King Hamad University Hospital Busaiteen Bahrain

Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Cancer Center Amsterdam UMC location VUMC Amsterdam the Netherlands; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen the Netherlands

Service de Médecine Nucléaire and LIB Sorbonne Université AP HP Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière Charles Foix INSERM U1146 Paris France

Siemens Medical Solutions Malvern PA United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC United States

State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Savanorių Ave 231 02300 Vilnius Lithuania

Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia

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