Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) include a large number of drones, which communicate with each other based on an ad hoc model. These networks provide new opportunities for various applications such as military, industrial, and civilian applications. However, FANETs have faced with many challenges like high-speed nodes, low density, and rapid changes in the topology. As a result, routing is a challenging issue in these networks. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware routing scheme in FANETs. This scheme is inspired by the optimized link state routing (OLSR). In the proposed routing scheme, we estimate the connection quality between two flying nodes using a new technique, which utilizes two parameters, including ratio of sent/received of hello packets and connection time. Also, our proposed method selects multipoint relays (MPRs) using the firefly algorithm. It chooses a node with high residual energy, high connection quality, more neighborhood degree, and higher willingness as MPR. Finally, our proposed scheme creates routes between different nodes based on energy and connection quality. Our proposed routing scheme is simulated using the network simulator version 3 (NS3). We compare its simulation results with the greedy optimized link state routing (G-OLSR) and the optimized link state routing (OLSR). These results show that our method outperforms G-OLSR and OLSR in terms of delay, packet delivery rate, throughput, and energy consumption. However, our proposed routing scheme increases slightly routing overhead compared to G-OLSR.

Computer Science University of Human Development Sulaymaniyah Iraq

Department of Computer Engineering Dezful Branch Islamic Azad University Dezful Iran

Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Faculty of Economic Studies University of Finance and Administration Prague Czech Republic

Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 64002 Douliou Yunlin Taiwan

Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang Vietnam

School of Computing and Creative Technologies College of Arts Technology and Environment University of the West of England Frenchay Campus Coldharbour Lane Bristol BS16 1QY United Kingdom

School of Computing Gachon University 1342 Seongnam daero Sujeong gu Seongnam si 13120 Republic of Korea

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