This work examines the suitability of graphene-based 3D-printed nanocomposite bioelectronics as innovative systems to in situ monitor and evaluate both breast cancer cell adhesion and the chemosensitivity of anti-cancer drugs. With this aim, 3D-printed nanocomposite graphene electrodes (3D-nGEs) -made of a commercially available graphene/polylactic acid filament- have been covalently biofunctionalized with an extracellular matrix protein (i.e., fibronectin) by exploiting the carbon reactivity of 3D-nGEs. The specificity and selectivity of the developed electrochemical system to monitor breast cancer cell adhesion has been tested via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Importantly, the resulting 3D-printed bioelectronic system displayed excellent accuracy for the rapid screening of anti-cancer drugs, which exactly corresponded with the results achieved by the standard optical method, while having the advantage of employing a label-free approach. In light of the current state-of-the-art in the field, this proof-of-concept connects electronics to biological systems within 3D printing technology, providing the bases for the sustainable and cost-effective manufacturing of graphene-based 3D-printed nanocomposite bioelectronics to simulate in vivo microenvironments using in situ and real time electronic output signals.

Center for Translational Medicine 62500 Brno Czech Republic

Center for Translational Medicine 62500 Brno Czech Republic; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences King's College London The James Black Centre SE5 9NU London UK

Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 61200 Brno Czech Republic

Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 61200 Brno Czech Republic; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB Technical University of Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172 15 70800 Ostrava Czech Republic; Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University No 91 Hsueh Shih Road 40402 Taichung Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University 50 Yonsei ro Seodaemun gu Seoul 03722 Korea

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