The metagenomic data presented in this article are related to the published research of "A Placebo-controlled double-blinded test of the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases: Environmental microbial diversity elicits changes in cytokines and increase in T regulatory cells in young children" This database contains 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) metagenomics of sandbox sand and skin and gut microbiota of children in the intervention and placebo daycares. In intervention daycares, children aged 3-5 years were exposed to playground sand enriched with microbially diverse soil. In placebo daycares, children were exposed to visually similar as in intervention daycares, but microbially poor sand colored with peat. Sand, skin and gut metagenomics were analyzed at baseline and after 14 and 28 days of intervention by high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. This dataset shows how skin bacterial community composition, including classes Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli, changed, and how the relative abundance of over 30 bacterial genera shifted on the skin of children in the intervention treatment, while no shifts occurred in the placebo group.

Department of Clinical Microbiology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland

Department of Pediatrics 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University 5 Úvalu 84 Praha 5 Prague 150 06 Czech Republic

Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre Kuopio Finland

Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti FI 15140 Finland

Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Arvo Ylpön katu 34 Tampere FI 33520 Finland

Fimlab Laboratories Pirkanmaa Hospital District Tampere Finland

Natural Resources Institute Finland Helsinki and Turku Finland

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