Understanding habitat and spatial overlap in sympatric species of urban areas would aid in predicting species and community modifications in response to global change. Habitat overlap has been widely investigated for specialist species but neglected for generalists living in urban settings. Many corvid species are generalists and are adapted to urban areas. This work aimed to determine the urban habitat requirements and spatial overlap of five corvid species in sixteen European cities during the breeding season. All five studied corvid species had high overlap in their habitat selection while still having particular tendencies. We found three species, the Carrion/Hooded Crow, Rook, and Eurasian Magpie, selected open habitats. The Western Jackdaw avoided areas with bare soil cover, and the Eurasian Jay chose more forested areas. The species with similar habitat selection also had congruent spatial distributions. Our results indicate that although the corvids had some tendencies regarding habitat selection, as generalists, they still tolerated a wide range of urban habitats, which resulted in high overlap in their habitat niches and spatial distributions.

Department of Biogeography and Global Change Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales 28006 Madrid Spain

Department of Biology University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland

Department of Plant Pathology Institute of Plant Protection Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Ménesi út 44 1118 Budapest Hungary

Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Palacky University in Olomouc 17 Listopadu 50 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Zoology Faculty of Sciences University of Granada 18071 Granada Spain

Department of Zoology Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu 50409 Tartu Estonia

Department of Zoology School of Biology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki Greece

Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamýcká 129 165 00 Prague Czech Republic

Institute for Environmental Studies Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Benatska 2 128 01 Praha Czech Republic

Institute of Biological Sciences University of Zielona Góra Prof Z Szafrana St 1 65 516 Zielona Góra Poland

Institute of Zoology Poznań University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 71C 60 625 Poznań Poland

Nature Inventory and EIA Services Arctic Centre University of Lapland P O Box 122 96101 Rovaniemi Finland

Plegadis Riga Feraiou 6A 45444 Ioannina Greece

Route de la Loge 86800 Liniers France

S C della Pantiera 23 61029 Pantiera Italy

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