The L-cysteine-functionalized silica (SG-Cys-Na+) matrix was effectively loaded with silver (I) ions using the batch sorption technique. Optimal Ag(I) loading into SG-Cys-Na+ reached 98% at pHi = 6, 80 rpm, 1 mg L-1, and a temperature of 55 °C. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be suitable for Ag(I) binding onto SG-Cys-Na+ active sites, forming a homogeneous monolayer (R2 = 0.999), as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. XRD analysis indicated matrix stability and the absence of Ag2O and Ag(0) phases, observed from diffraction peaks. The pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.999) suggested chemisorption-controlled adsorption, involving chemical bonding between silver ions and SG-Cys-Na+ surface. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated, indicating higher initial concentrations leading to increased equilibrium constants, negative ΔG values, positive ΔS values, and negative ΔH. This study aimed to explore silver ion saturation on silica surfaces and the underlying association mechanisms. The capability to capture and load silver (I) ions onto functionalized silica gel materials holds promise for environmental and water purification applications.

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Arts Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Yarmouk University Irbid 21163 Jordan

Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Technická 2848 8 61600 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Physics of Materials Czech Academy of Sciences Žižkova 22 61662 Brno Czech Republic

Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Polymers Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Mutah University P O Box 7 Al Karak 61710 Jordan

Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

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