This review systematically compiles sports-related drugs, substances, and methodologies based on the most frequently detected findings from prohibited lists published annually by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) between 2003 and 2021. Aligned with structure of the 2023 prohibited list, it covers all proscribed items and details the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of five representatives from each section. Notably, it explores significant metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with these substances. Adverse analytical findings are summarized in tables for clarity, and the prevalence is visually represented through charts. The review includes a concise historical overview of doping and WADA's role, examining modifications in the prohibited list for an understanding of evolving anti-doping measures.

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove 500 03 Czech Republic

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove 500 03 Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence University of Granada Granada 18071 Spain

Doping Research Chair Zoology Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology Bratislava 812 37 Slovakia; Zoology Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Zoology Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

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