BACKGROUND: Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are industrial chemicals categorised as persistent organic pollutants because of their toxicity, persistency and tendency to long-range transport, bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Despite having been the subject of environmental attention for decades, analytical methods for CPs still struggle reaching a sufficient degree of accuracy. Among the issues negatively impacting the quantification of CPs, the unavailability of well-characterised standards, both as pure substances and as matrix (certified) reference materials (CRMs), has played a major role. The focus of this study was to provide a matrix CRM as quality control tool to improve the comparability of CPs measurement results. RESULTS: We present the process of certification of ERM®-CE100, the first fish reference material assigned with certified values for the mass fraction of short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively). The certification was performed in accordance with ISO 17034:2016 and ISO Guide 35:2017, with the value assignment step carried out via an intercomparison of laboratories of demonstrated competence in CPs analysis and applying procedures based on different analytical principles. After confirmation of the homogeneity and stability of the CRM, two certified values were assigned for SCCPs, depending on the calibrants used: 31 ± 9 μg kg-1 and 23 ± 7 μg kg-1. The MCCPs certified value was established as 44 ± 17 μg kg-1. All assigned values are relative to wet weight in the CRM that was produced as a fish paste to enhance similarity to routine biota samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: The fish tissue ERM-CE100 is the first matrix CRM commercially available for the analysis of CPs, enabling analytical laboratories to improve the accuracy and the metrological traceability of their measurements. The certified CPs values are based on results obtained by both gas and liquid chromatography coupled with various mass spectrometric techniques, offering thus a broad validity to laboratories employing different analytical methods and equipment.

Chiron AS Arkitekt Ebbells veg 22 7041 Trondheim Norway

Environment and Climate Change Canada 867 Lakeshore Road L7S 1A1 Burlington Ontario Canada

European Commission Joint Research Centre Retieseweg 111 2440 Geel Belgium

Institut national de santé publique du Québec Centre de toxicologie du Québec 945 Avenue Wolfe G1V 5B3 Québec Qc Canada

Institute of Food Safety Animal Health and Environment BIOR 3 Lejupes Street 1076 Riga Latvia

The Climate and Environmental Research Institute Fram Centre Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14 9007 Tromsø Norway

The Climate and Environmental Research Institute Instituttveien 18 2007 Kjeller Norway

University of Antwerp Toxicological Centre Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium

University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition Technicka 3 166 28 Prague 6 Dejvice Czech Republic

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam the Netherlands

Wageningen Food Safety Research Akkermaalsbos 2 6708 WB Wageningen the Netherlands

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