Wildlife tagging provides critical insights into animal movement ecology, physiology, and behavior amid global ecosystem changes. However, the stress induced by capture, handling, and tagging can impact post-release locomotion and activity and, consequently, the interpretation of study results. Here, we analyze post-tagging effects on 1585 individuals of 42 terrestrial mammal species using collar-collected GPS and accelerometer data. Species-specific displacements and overall dynamic body acceleration, as a proxy for activity, were assessed over 20 days post-release to quantify disturbance intensity, recovery duration, and speed. Differences were evaluated, considering species-specific traits and the human footprint of the study region. Over 70% of the analyzed species exhibited significant behavioral changes following collaring events. Herbivores traveled farther with variable activity reactions, while omnivores and carnivores were initially less active and mobile. Recovery duration proved brief, with alterations diminishing within 4-7 tracking days for most species. Herbivores, particularly males, showed quicker displacement recovery (4 days) but slower activity recovery (7 days). Individuals in high human footprint areas displayed faster recovery, indicating adaptation to human disturbance. Our findings emphasize the necessity of extending tracking periods beyond 1 week and particular caution in remote study areas or herbivore-focused research, specifically in smaller mammals.

Alaska Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Division 11255 W 8th Street AK USA

Amarula Elephant Research Programme School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu Natal Durban 4041 South Africa

Animal Behavior Graduate Group University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Animal Ecology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam 14469 Potsdam Germany

Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Biodiversity Research Centre Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

Bionet Natuuronderzoek Stein Netherlands

Büro Renala Gülper Hauptstr 4 14715 Havelaue Germany

Center for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India

Center for Integrated Spatial Research Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA

Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Bangalore India

Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Tennenbacher Straße 4 79106 Freiburg Germany

Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg Denmark

Danau Girang Field Centre Sabah Wildlife Department 88100 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

Departamento de Ciencias Integradas Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Física Matemáticas y Computación Universidad de Huelva Huelva Spain

Department of Anthropology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Department of Behavioural Ecology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany

Department of Biological Sciences Chicago State University 9501 S King Drive Chicago IL 60628 USA

Department of Biological Sciences Goethe University 60438 Frankfurt Germany

Department of Biology St Louis University St Louis MO USA

Department of Biology University of British Columbia 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia Canada

Department of Ecoscience Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark

Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management 130 Mulford Hall University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 3112 USA

Department of Environmental Science Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences Radboud University P O Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen Netherlands

Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich 8057 Zurich Switzerland

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology Mendel University 613 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129 Prague 6 Suchdol 165 00 Czech Republic

Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London WC1E 6BT UK

Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Gregor Mendel Straße 33 1180 Vienna Austria

Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology University of Veterinary Medicine Savoyenstraße 1 1160 Vienna Austria

Department of Life Science and Biotechnology University of Ferrara Via Borsari 46 1 44121 Ferrara Italy

Department of National Park Monitoring and Animal Management Bavarian Forest National Park Freyunger Str 2 94481 Grafenau Germany

Department of Sociobiology Anthropology University of Göttingen 37077 Göttingen Germany

Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy

Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA

Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA

Dipertimento di agronomia animali alimenti risorse naturali e ambiente Università degli Studi di Padova 35020 Legnaro PD Italy

Ecology and Macroecology Laboratory Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam 14469 Potsdam Germany

Estación Biológica de Doñana Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sevilla Spain

Evolutionary Biology Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany

German Primate Center Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit 37077 Göttingen Germany

Gran Paradiso National Park Turin Italy

Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 730 91 Riddarhyttan Sweden

Hunting Association of Lower Austria Wickenburggasse 3 1080 Vienna Austria

Institute of Ecology Chair of Planning Related Animal Ecology Technische Universität Berlin Potsdam Germany

Institute of Forestry and Wildlife Management Inland Norway University of Applied Science NO 2480 Koppang Norway

Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences 31 120 Kraków Poland

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany

Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Stoczek 1 17 230 Białowieża Poland

Mpala Research Centre 555 10400 Nanyuki Kenya

NBFC National Biodiversity Future Centre Palermo 90133 Italy

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research P O Box 5685 Torgarden NO 7485 Trondheim Norway

Office Français de la Biodiversité Montfort 01330 Birieux France

Organisms and Environment Division School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX UK

Panthera 8 W 40th St 18th Floor New York NY 10018 USA

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam 14469 Potsdam Germany

Research and Innovation Centre Animal Ecology Unit Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige Trento Italy

Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna A 1160 Vienna Austria

School of Business Innovation and Sustainability Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden

School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu Natal Durban South Africa

School of Mathematical Sciences University of KwaZulu Natal Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa

Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 60325 Frankfurt Germany

Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Front Royal VA USA

Tatra National Park Zakopane Poland

Technische Universität München Arcisstraße 21 80333 München Germany

Texas A and M Natural Resources Institute and Department of Rangeland Wildlife and Fisheries Management Texas A and M University College Station TX 77843 2138 USA

Tragsatec C de Julián Camarillo 6B San Blas Canillejas 28037 Madrid Spain

Université de Toulouse INRAE CEFS Castanet Tolosan France

Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Clinical and Public Health Program Bengaluru India

WildCare Institute Saint Louis Zoo 1 Government Drive Saint Louis MO 63110 USA

Wildlife Conservation Society Mongolia Program Ulaanbaatar Mongolia

Wildlife Research Unit Agricultural Centre Baden Wuerttemberg 88326 Aulendorf Germany

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