Loss of normal facial asymmetry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Implications for development of brain asymmetry in psychotic illness
Language English Country Ireland Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article
PubMed
39326274
DOI
10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116213
PII: S0165-1781(24)00498-0
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- 3D Laser surface imaging, Craniofacies, Frontal lobes, Geometric morphometrics, Neurodevelopment, Psychosis,
- MeSH
- Facial Asymmetry * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Bipolar Disorder * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Functional Laterality physiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Brain diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Face MeSH
- Psychotic Disorders diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Schizophrenia * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Development of the craniofacies occurs in embryological intimacy with development of the brain and both show normal left-right asymmetries. While facial dysmorphology occurs to excess in psychotic illness, facial asymmetry has yet to be investigated as a putative index of brain asymmetry. Ninety-three subjects (49 controls, 22 schizophrenia, 22 bipolar disorder) received 3D laser surface imaging of the face. On geometric morphometric analysis with (x, y, z) visualisations of statistical models for facial asymmetries, in controls the upper face and periorbital region, which share embryological intimacy with the forebrain, showed marked asymmetries. Their geometry included: along the x-axis, rightward asymmetry in its dorsal-medial aspects and leftward asymmetry in its ventral-lateral aspects; along the z-axis, anterior protrusion in its right ventral-lateral aspect. In both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder these normal facial asymmetries were diminished, with residual retention of asymmetries in bipolar disorder. This geometry of normal facial asymmetries shows commonalities with that of normal frontal lobe asymmetries. These findings indicate a trans-diagnostic process that involves loss of facial asymmetries in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Embryologically, they implicate loss of face-brain asymmetries across gestational weeks 7-14 in processes that involve genes previously associated with risk for schizophrenia.
Centre for Image Processing and Analysis Dublin City University Dublin Ireland
Department of Information and Communication Technologies Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona Spain
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