Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) composition of fish sperm: nexus of dietary, evolutionary, and biomechanical drivers
Language English Country Great Britain, England Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Review
PubMed
39566856
DOI
10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101305
PII: S0163-7827(24)00038-9
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Aquaculture animal nutrition, Evolutionary adaptations, Fish sperm, Lipidomics, Motility mechanisms, Reproductive fitness,
- MeSH
- Biological Evolution MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
- Diet veterinary MeSH
- Docosahexaenoic Acids metabolism chemistry analysis MeSH
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated * metabolism chemistry MeSH
- Fishes * metabolism physiology MeSH
- Spermatozoa * metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Docosahexaenoic Acids MeSH
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated * MeSH
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) like arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) constitute one-third to half of fish sperm lipids. Fish sperm is rich in phospholipid (PL)-primarily phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. DHA is generally the most abundant LC-PUFA in each PL class, followed by competition between ARA and EPA. While the total n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio does not correlate significantly with sperm biomechanics, LC-PUFA do. DHA positively influences sperm biomechanics, while ARA and EPA may be negatively associated. Fish sperm maintains lower (≤1) total n-6 PUFA per unit of n-3 PUFA but keep a higher (>1) ARA per unit EPA. A weak dietary influence on sperm EPA and DHA exists but not on ARA. The DHA: EPA ratio in fish sperm is often >1, though values <1 occur. Certain species cannot fortify DHA sufficiently during spermatogenesis, diverging through whole genome duplications. Fish sperm can show ARA: EPA ratios greater or less than 1, due to shifts in prostaglandin pathways in different evolutionary eras. DHA-rich PL bilayers provide unique packing and fusogenic properties, with ARA/EPA-derived eicosanoids guiding sperm rheotaxis/chemotaxis, modulated by DHA-derived resolvins. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) sometimes substitutes for DHA in fish sperm.
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