This study provides a comprehensive proteomic and metabolomic analysis of novel anthocyanin- and carotenoid-rich wheat varieties to assess their immunogenicity in the context of Celiac Disease. Using (semi)-quantitative mass spectrometry, the research found that gliadin expression and peptide release, particularly those containing immunostimulatory γ-gliadin epitopes, vary significantly across different wheat varieties. While non-targeted mass spectrometry provided valuable insights, the study acknowledged potential methodological biases, such limitations of ion current intensity as a measure of peptide abundance. Despite promising results, further research is required to determine the safety and efficacy of coloured wheat varieties for Celiac Disease patients, considering the complex interplay of gluten proteins, food processing, digestion and matrix effects. The ongoing studies hold potential for developing nutritionally beneficial wheat alternatives for Celiac Disease management.

Agrotest Fyto Ltd Kroměříž Czech Republic

Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council of Italy Naples Italy

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry LAQV REQUIMTE Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto Porto Portugal

ELFID Department of Translational Medical Science Section of Paediatrics University Federico 2 Naples Italy

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