BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a key non-motor complication during the disease course. OBJECTIVES: A review of detailed cognitive instruments to detect mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) or dementia (PDD) is needed to establish optimal tests that facilitate diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of tests that assess memory, language including premorbid intelligence, and visuospatial domains (for tests of attention and executive functions see accompanying review) to determine suitability to assess cognition in PD. Based on in-depth scrutiny of psychometric and other relevant clinimetric properties, tests were rated as "recommended," "recommended with caveats," "suggested," or "listed" by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (IPMDS) panel of experts according to the IPMDS Clinical Outcome Assessment Scientific Evaluation Committee guidelines. RESULTS: We included 39 tests encompassing 48 outcome measures. Seven tests (different versions or subtests of the test counted once) were recommended, including four for memory, one for visuospatial domains, one for language (including three measures), and one for estimated premorbid intelligence. Furthermore, 10 tests (12 measures) were "recommended with caveats," 11 were "suggested," and 11 (15 measures) were "listed." CONCLUSIONS: Recommended neuropsychological tests in memory, visuospatial functions, and language are proposed to guide the assessment of cognitive impairment and its progression in PD-MCI and PDD, and for use in clinical trials to stratify participants or as outcome measures. Novel measures being developed will need extensive validation research to be "recommended." © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Amsterdam Neuroscience Neurodegeneration Amsterdam The Netherlands

Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Department of Medical Psychology Amsterdam The Netherlands

Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Madrid Spain

Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands

Department of General Psychology University of Padua Padua Italy

Department of Medical Psychology Maastricht University Medical Centre and Radboud University Centre Nijmegen and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands

Department of Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand

Department of Neurological Sciences Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA

Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Neurology Division of Neuropsychology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA

Department of Neurology Safarik University Kosice Slovakia

Department of Neurology University Hospital of L Pasteur Kosice Slovakia

Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA

Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego California USA

Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA

Department of Psychology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy

Division of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA

German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Tübingen Germany

Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany

IB Hochschule Stuttgart Germany

Memory Clinic Department of Neurology 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Movement Disorders Unit Neurology Department Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain

New Zealand Brain Research Institute Christchurch New Zealand

Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit Study Center for Neurodegeneration Department of Neuroscience University of Padua Padua Italy

Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center Division of Neurology Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada

Te Kura Mahi ā Hirikapo School of Psychology Speech and Hearing University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

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