Extant representatives of the mayfly family Ameletopsidae Edmunds, 1957 as well as other three small families (Nesameletidae Riek, 1973, Oniscigastridae Lameere, 1917 and Rallidentidae Penniket, 1966) traditionally have been classified within the paraphyletic superfamily Siphlonuroidea. Except for Rallidentidae, which are endemic to New Zealand, they have an amphinotic distribution. Ameletopsidae are present with two genera in South America, one genus in Australia, and one genus in New Zealand. The fossil record of Ameletopsidae is scarce. The Mesozoic monospecific genus Promirara Jell & Duncan, 1986 was described from a larva of the Early Cretaceous Koonwarra Fossil Bed in Australia. Also associated with Ameletopsidae is the Cenozoic genus Balticophlebia Demoulin, 1968, which was recorded from Eocene Baltic amber based on a female adult. While the systematic position of the Eocene Balticophlebia seems to be still unclear and in need of clarification, we are able to confirm the presence of Ameletopsidae in the Eocene of Europe by describing Nebesna sotnia gen. & sp. nov. based on a relatively well-preserved male imago from Baltic amber. The fossil record thus indeed supports an ancient Pangean history of this family.

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Entomology State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Rosenstein 1 70191 Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology University of Lodz Banacha 12 16 90237 Łódź Poland

Independent Author Talino Str 33 1 05200 Vilnius Lithuania

National Museum of Natural History National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Bohdan Khmelnytsky 15 Kyiv 01030 Ukraine

State Museum of Natural History National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Teatralna 18 Lviv 79008 Ukraine

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Kluge, N. J., Studemann, D., Landolt, P. & Gonser, T. A reclassification of Siphlonuroidea (Ephemeroptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaf68, 103–132. 10.1038/s41598-023-36778-x (1995).

Storari, A. P., Staniczek, A. H. & Godunko, R. J. A new gondwanan mayfly family from the lower cretaceous crato formation, Brazil (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuroidea: Astraeopteridae fam. nov.). Sci. Rep.13, 11735. 10.1038/s41598-023-36778-x (2023). PubMed PMC

Zhou, C.-F. & Peters, J. G. The nymph of Siphluriscus chinensis and additional imaginal description: A living mayfly with Jurassic origin (Siphluriscidae new family: Ephemeroptera). Florida Entomol.86, 345–352 (2003).

Nguyen, V. V., Nguyen, V. H. & Bae, Y. J. A rare mayfly Siphluriscus chinensis Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Siphluriscidae) from Vietnam. Bull. Entomol. Res.31(1), 56–57 (2015).

Staniczek, A. H. The mandible of silverfish (Insecta: Zygentoma) and Mayflies (Ephemeroptera)—Its morphology and phylogenetic significance. Zool. Anz.2000, 147–178 (2000).

Mercado, M. & Elliott, S. Taxonomic revision of the genus Chiloporter Lestage (Ameletopsidae: Ephemeroptera) with notes on its biology and distribution. Stud. Neotropical Fauna Environ.40(3), 229–236. 10.1080/01650520500140635 (2005).

Mercado, M. & Elliott, S. Taxonomic revision of the genus Chaquihua Demoulin (Ameletopsidae: Ephemeroptera) with notes on its biology and distribution. Stud. Neotropical Fauna Environ.41(1), 59–66. 10.1080/01650520500475114 (2006).

Pessacq, P. Estado de conocimiento del orden Ephemeroptera en la Patagonia. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina68(1–2), 155–161 (2009).

Harker, J. E. The Ephemeroptera of eastern Australia. Trans. Royal Entomol. Soc. London (B)105(12), 241–268 (1954).

Riek, E. F. Revision of the Australian mayflies (Ephemeroptera). I. Subfamily Siphlonurinae. Austra. J. Zool.3(2), 266–280 (1955).

Campbell, I. C. Dietary habits of Australian siphlonurid and oligoneuriid ephemeropteran nymphs. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie22, 3250–3259 (1985).

Campbell, I. C. Life histories of some Australian siphlonurid and oligoneuriid mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res.37, 261–288 (1986).

Campbell, I. C. The Australian mayfly fauna: Composition, distribution and convergence. In Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology: Proceedings of the 5th International Ephemeroptera Conference and the 9th International Plecoptera Conference, Series Entomologica 44, (ed Campbell, I.C.) 149–153 (1990).

Phillips, J. S. Studies of New Zealand mayfly nymphs. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London79, 399–422 (1930).

Hitchings, T. R. The post glacial distribution of New Zealand mayflies. In International advances in the ecology, zoogeography and systematics of mayflies and stoneflies. University of California Publications in Entomology 128 (eds Hauer, F. R., Stanford, J. A. & Newell, R. L.) 89–101 (2008).

Kluge, N. J. The Phylogenetic System of Ephemeroptera 1–442, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dodrecht, 2004). 10.1007/978-94-007-0872-3.

Eaton, A. E. A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies. Trans. Linnean Soc. London2(3), 1–77 (1883).

Tillyard, R. J. The mayflies of Mount Kosciusko region. I. (Plectoptera). Introduction and family Siphlonuridae. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales58, 1–32 (1933).

Hitchings, T. R. & Staniczek, A. Nesameletidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Fauna of New Zealand46, 1–72. 10.7931/J2/FNZ.46 (2003).

Hitchings, T., Hitchings, T. & Ridden, J. Nesameletus staniczeki, a New Species of Nesameletus (Ephemeroptera: Nesameletidae) from New Zealand. Records Canterbury Museum36, 169–177 (2022).

Mercado, M. & Elliott, S. Taxonomic revision of the genus Metamonius Eaton (Nesameletidae: Ephemeroptera), with notes on its biology and distribution. Stud. Neotropical Fauna Environ.39(2), 149–157. 10.1080/01650520412331333800 (2004).

Vera-Palacios, M. Ephemeroptera (Insecta) en la Región de Magallanes. Anales Instituto Patagonia35(1), 35–43 (2007).

Vera-Palacios, M. A., Briones, R. & Jerez, V. Registros de efemerópteros (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) de el Río San Pedro, Región de Magallanes. [Records of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) at San Pedro River, Magellan Region.]. Anales Instituto Patagonia33, 31–35 (2005).

Domínguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. & Nieto, C. Ephemeroptera of South America. Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America2, 1–646 (Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 2006).

Pessacq, P. & Miserendino, M. L. Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera biodiversity in central Patagonia, Chubut province, Argentina. Zootaxa1817, 27–38. 10.11646/zootaxa.1817.1.3 (2008).

Barber-James, H. M., Gattolliat, J.-L., Sartori, M. & Hubbard, M. D. Global diversity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia595, 339–350. 10.1007/s10750-007-9028-y (2008).

Staniczek, A. H. & Hitchings, T. A new species of Rallidens (Ephemeroptera: Rallidentidae) from New Zealand. Records Canterbury Museum27, 1–9 (2014).

Jell, P. A. & Duncan, P. M. Invertebrates, mainly insects, from freshwater, Lower Cretaceous, Koonwarra Fossil Bed (Korumburra Group), South Gippsland, Victoria. Memoir Assoc. Australasian Palaeontologists3, 111–205 (1986).

Hubbard, M. D. Mayflies of the world: A Catalogue of the Family and Genus Group Taxa (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Flora Fauna Handbook8, 1–119 (1990).

Jell, P. A. The fossil insects of Australia. Memoirs Queensland Museum50(1), 1–124 (2004).

Storari, A. P. et al. An overview of the Hexagenitidae (Ephemeroptera) from the Crato Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Brazil, with the description of a new species. Hist. Biol.34, 875–884. 10.1080/08912963.2021.1952196 (2022).

Storari, A. P., Rodrigues, T., Bantim, R. A. M., Lima, F. J. & Saraiva, A. A. F. Mass mortality events of autochthonous faunas in a Lower Cretaceous Gondwanan Lagerstätte. Sci. Rep.11, 6976. 10.1038/s41598-021-85953-5 (2023). PubMed PMC

Godunko, R. J. & Sroka, P. A new mayfly subfamily sheds light on the early evolution and Pangean origin of Baetiscidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Sci. Rep.14, 1599. 10.1038/s41598-024-51176-7 (2024). PubMed PMC

Poropat, S. F. et al. Early Cretaceous polar biotas of Victoria, southeastern Australia — an overview of research to date. Alcheringa Australasian J. Palaeontol.42(2), 81–91. 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.08 (2018).

Demoulin, G. Deuxieme contibution à la connaissance des Ephéméroptères de l’ambre oligocene de la Baltique. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift15(1–3), 233–276 (1968).

Landa, V. & Soldán, T. Phylogeny and higher classification of the order Ephemeroptera: a discussion from the comparative anatomical point of view. Academia Studie CSAV4, 1–121 (1985).

McCafferty, W. P. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Ephemeroptera (Insecta): A commentary on systematics. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.84(4), 343–360 (1991).

Ogden, T. H. & Whiting, M. F. Phylogeny of Ephemeroptera (mayflies) based on molecular evidence. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.37, 625–643. 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.08.008 (2005). PubMed

Ogden, T. H. et al. Towards a new paradigm in mayfly phylogeny (Ephemeroptera): Combined analysis of morphological and molecular data. Syst. Entomol.34, 616–634. 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00488.x (2009).

Bauernfeind, E. & Soldán, T. The Mayflies of Europe (Ephemeroptera) 1–781 (Apollo Books, 2012).

Eaton, A. E. A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies. Trans. Linnean Soc. London2(3), 230–282 (1885).

Uéno, M. Some notes on the mayfly-fauna of Formosa. Trans. Nat. History Soc. Formosa21(115), 210–216 (1931).

Tojo, K. & Matsukawa, K. A description of the second species of the family Dipteromimidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera), and genetic relationship of two dipteromimid mayflies inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Zoolog. Sci.20, 1249–1259 (2003). PubMed

Chen, Z.-T. & Zheng, X. Siphlonephemerellidae fam. nov., a new mid-Cretaceous mayfly family (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Kachin amber. Cretaceous Res.149, 105553. 10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105553 (2023).

Sroka, P., Godunko, R. J., Sinitshenkova, N. D. & Prokop, J. Life history, systematics and flight ability of the Early Permian stem-mayflies in the genus Misthodotes Sellards, 1909 (Insecta, Ephemerida, Permoplectoptera). BMC Ecol. Evolut.21, 97. 10.1186/s12862-021-01820-x (2021). PubMed PMC

Tillyard, R. J. A new genus and species of May-fly (Order Plectoptera) from Tasmania, belonging to the family Siphlonuridae. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales46, 409–412 (1921).

Tillyard, R. J. The trout-food insects of Tasmania. Part II.—A monograph of the mayflies of Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania1935, 23–59 (1936).

Godunko, R. J. & Neumann, C. Fossil mayfly collections of the Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt University Berlin. I. Electroletus soldani gen. and sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) from the Eocene Baltic amber. Annales Zoologici56, 175–180 (2006).

Kluge, N. J., Godunko, R. J. & Krzemiński, W. A new mayfly family (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Eocene Baltic amber. Ann. Zool.56(1), 181–185 (2006).

Demoulin, G. Ephéméroptères nouveaux ou rares du Chili. II. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 31 (58), 1–16 (1955).

Lehmkuhl, D. M. Additions to the taxonomy, zoogeography and biology of Analetris eximia (Acanthametropodinae, Siphlonuridae, Ephemeroptera). Can. Entomol.108(2), 199–207 (1976).

Lillie, R. A. A survey of rare and endangered mayflies of selected rivers of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Dep Nat Resour Res Rep170, 1–28 (1995).

Courtney, G. Crabwalkers and sand minnows: Searching for psammophilic mayflies in the central and western states (& provinces). Newslett. Biol. Survey Can.37(2), 16–21 (2018).

Edmunds, G. F. Jr. & Koss, R. W. A review of the Acanthametropodinae with a description of a new genus (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Pan Pac. Entomol.48(2), 136–144 (1972).

McCafferty, W. P. & Wang, T.-Q. Relationships of the genera Acanthametropus, Analetris, and Siphluriscus, and re-evaluation of their higher classification. Great Lake Entomol.27(4), 209–215 (1994).

Massariol, F., Takiya, D. M. & Salles, F. F. Global classification and evolution of brushlegged mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae): phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data and dated historical biogeography. Zool. J. Linn. Soc.187(2), 378–412. 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz031 (2019).

Hrivniak, Ľ et al. The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.146, 106735. 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735 (2020). PubMed

Gatti, F. D., Salles, F. F., Suter, P. J. & Leite, Y. L. R. Gondwana breakup under the ephemeral look. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res.2021, 1–9. 10.1111/jzs.12477 (2021).

McCulloch, G. A., Wallis, G. P. & Waters, J. M. A timecalibrated phylogeny of Southern Hemisphere stoneflies: testing for Gondwanan origins. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.96, 150–160. 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.028 (2016). PubMed

Ye, Z. et al. Phylogeny and histrical biogeography of Gondwanan moss-bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae). Cladistics2018, 1–15. 10.1111/cla.12237 (2018). PubMed

Cui, Y., Ren, D. & Béthoux, O. The Pangean journey of ‘south forestflies’ (Insecta: Plecoptera) revealed by their first fossils. J. Syst. Paleontol.17(3), 255–268. 10.1080/14772019.2017.1407370 (2018).

Ding, S. et al. The phylogeny and evolutionary timescale of stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) inferred from mitochondrial genomes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.135, 123–135. 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.03.005 (2019). PubMed

Reguero, M. A. & Goin, F. J. Paleogeography and biogeography of the Gondwanan final breakup and its terrestrial vertebrates: New insights from southern South America and the “double Noah’s Ark” Antarctic Peninsula. J. S. Am. Earth Sci.108, 103358. 10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103358 (2021).

Faurby, S., Silvestro, D., Werdelin, L. & Antonelli, A. Reliable biogeography requires fossils: insights from anew species-level phylogeny of extinct and living carnivores. Proc. R. Soc. B291(2028), 20240473. 10.1098/rspb.2024.0473 (2024). PubMed PMC

Molineri, C., Salles, F. F. & Peters, J. G. Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae). ZooKeys478, 45–128. 10.3897/zookeys.478.8057 (2015). PubMed PMC

Staniczek, A. H., Storari, A. P. & Godunko, R. J. Revised systematics, phylogeny, and paleontology of the mayfly family Baetiscidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Arthropod Systematics Phylogeny80, 389–409. 10.3897/asp.80.e82845 (2022).

Pescador, M. L., Richard, B. A., Hubbard, M. D. & Staniczek, A. H. Evolution of Baetiscidae (Ephemeroptera): current state of knowledge of the family. In International Perspectives in Mayfly and Stonefly Research. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Ephemeroptera and the 16th International Symposium on Plecoptera (ed Staniczek, A. H.) 137–147. 10.1080/01650420903148519 (2009).

Ethington, M. & Ogden, T. H. Ameletopsidae: Where do these carnivores belong? Utah Conference for Undergraduate Research, Weber State University, 15. (2011).

Ogden, T. H. et al. Mayfly phylogenomics: Initial evaluation of anchored hybrid enrichment data for the order Ephemeroptera. Zoosymposia16, 167–181. 10.11646/zoosymposia.16.1.14 (2019).

Gonser, T. Beiträge zur Biologie südneotropischer Ephemeropteren. University of Freiburg, Breisgau, PhD thesis, 1–225 (1990).

Mortimer, N. et al. Zealandia: Earth’s Hidden Continent. Geol. Soc. Am. Today27(3), 27–35. 10.1130/gsatg321a.1 (2017).

Robertson, A. H. F., Campbell, H. J., Johnston, M. R. & Palamakumbra R. Chapter 15 Construction of a Paleozoic–Mesozoic accretionary orogen along the active continental margin of SE Gondwana (South Island, New Zealand): summary and overview. In Paleozoic–Mesozoic Geology of South Island, New Zealand: Subduction-related Processes Adjacent to SE Gondwana. Geological Society London Memoirs49 (ed Robertson, A. H. F.) 331–372. 10.1144/M49.8 (2019).

Williams, S. E., Whittaker, J. M. & Müller, R. D. Full-fit, palinspastic reconstruction of the conjugate Australian-Antarctic margins. Tectonics10.1029/2011TC002912 (2011).

Scher, H. D. et al. Onset of Antarctic Circumpolar Current 30 million years ago as Tasmanian Gateway aligned with westerlies. Nature523(7562), 580–583. 10.1038/nature14598 (2015). PubMed

Williams, S. E., Whittaker, J. M., Halpin, J. A. & Müller, R. D. Australian-Antarctic breakup and seafloor spreading: Balancing geological and geophysical constraints. Earth Sci. Rev.188, 41–58. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.10.011 (2019).

van den Ende, C., White, L. T. & van Welzen, P. C. The existence and break-up of the Antarctic land bridge as indicated by both amphi-Pacific distributions and tectonics. Gondwana Res.44, 219–227. 10.1016/j.gr.2016.12.006 (2017).

Sanmartín, I. & Ronquist, F. Southern hemisphere biogeography inferred by event-based models: Plant versus animal patterns. Syst. Biol.53(2), 216–243. 10.1080/10635150490423430 (2004). PubMed

McCarthy, D., Ebach, M. C., Morrone, J. J. & Parenti, L. R. An alternative Gondwana: Biota links South America, New Zealand and Australia. Biogeografia2, 1–12 (2007).

Cui, Y., Béthoux, O., Kondratieff, B., Shih, C. & Ren, D. The first fossil salmonfly (Insecta: Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae), back to the Middle Jurassic. BMC Evol. Biol.16, 217. 10.1186/s12862-016-0787-9 (2016). PubMed PMC

Sroka, P. & Prokop, J. New fossil stoneflies (Plecoptera: Arctoperlaria) from Australia testify ancient dispersal across Pangea. Arthropod System. Phylogeny81, 881–888. 10.3897/asp.81.e109833 (2023).

Caruso, C. & Wichard, W. Paleogeographic Distribution of Leuctridae and Nemouridae Genera Preserved in Baltic Amber, with the Description of Palaeopsoleweiterschani n. gen., n. sp. (Plecoptera). Entomologie heute23, 69–77 (2011).

Wichard, W. Overview and descriptions of Trichoptera in Baltic amber: Spicipalpia and Integripalpia. Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, 1–230 (2013).

Pełczyńska, A., Krzemiński, W., Blagoderov, V., Vilhelmsen, L. & Soszyńska, A. Eocene amber provides the first fossil record and bridges distributional gap in the rare genus Robsonomyia (Diptera: Keroplatidae). Sci. Rep.14, 9252. 10.1038/s41598-024-59448-y (2024). PubMed PMC

Iturralde-Vinent, M. A brief account of the evolution of the Caribbean seaway: Jurassic to present. In From greenhouse to icehouse: the marine Eocene-Oligocene transition (eds Prothero, D. R. et al.) 386–396 (Columbia University Press, 2003).

Pindell, J. L. & Kennan, L. Tectonic evolution of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and northern South America in the mantle reference frame: an update. In The Origin and Evolution of the Caribbean plate (eds James, K. H. et al.) 1–55 (Special Publications, 2009). 10.1144/SP328.1.

Boschman, L. M., van Hinsbergen, D. J. J., Torsvik, T. H., Spakman, W. & Pindell, J. L. Kinematic reconstruction of the Caribbean region since the Early Jurassic. Earth Sci. Rev.138, 102–136. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.08.007 (2015).

Rojas-Agramonte, Y. et al. Recycling and transport of continental material through the mantle wedge above subduction zones: A Caribbean example. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.436, 93–107. 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.040 (2016).

Agnihotri, P., Chandra, K., Shukla, A., Singh, H. & Mehrotra, R. C. First fossil record of a nymph (Ephemeroptera, Teloganellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa4838(1), 137–142. 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.8 (2020). PubMed

Sroka, P., Godunko, R. J. & Prokop, J. Fluctuation in the diversity of mayflies (Insecta, Ephemerida) as documented in the fossil record. Sci. Rep.13, 16052. 10.1038/s41598-023-42571-7 (2023). PubMed PMC

Edmunds, G. F. Jr. Biogeography and evolution of Ephemeroptera. Annu. Rev. Entomol.17, 21–42 (1972).

Edmunds, G. F. Jr. Phylogenetic biogeography of mayflies. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.62, 251–263 (1975).

Savage, H. M. Biogeographic classification of the neotropical Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) based upon geological centres of ancestral origin and ecology. Stud. Neotropical Fauna Environ.22(4), 199–222 (1987).

Francis, J. E., Ashworth, A., Cantrill, D. J., Crame, J. A., Howe, J., Stephens, R., Tosolini, A.-M. & Thorn, V. 100 million years of Antarctic climate evolution: evidence from fossil plants. In Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences (eds Cooper, A.K., Barrett, P. J., Stagg, H., Storey, B., Stump, E. & Wise, W.) 19–27 (2007).

O’Brien, Ch. L. et al. The enigma of Oligocene climate and global surface temperature evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.117(41), 25302–25309. 10.1073/pnas.2003914117 (2020). PubMed PMC

Edmunds, G. F. Jr. Historical and life history factors in the biogeography of mayflies. Am. Zool.22, 371–374 (1982).

Pescador, M. L. & Peters, W. L. Two new genera of cool-adapted Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from southern South America. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.73, 332–338 (1980).

Towns, D. R. & Peters, W. L. Phylogenetic relationships of the Leptophlebiidae of New Zealand (Ephemeroptera). In Advances in Ephemeroptera Biology (eds Flannagan, J. F. & Marshall, K. E.) 57–69 (Plenum Press, 1980).

Campbell, I. C. & Suter, P. J. Three new genera, a new subgenus and a new species of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Australia. J. Aust. Entomol. Soc.27, 259–273 (1988).

Zwick, P. Phylogenetic system and zoogeography of the Plecoptera. Annu. Rev. Entomol.45(1), 709–746. 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.709 (2000). PubMed

Zwick, P. Morphological support of the major clades of Plecoptera. Entomologische Abhandlungen61(2), 128–130 (2003).

Boschman, L. M. Andean mountain building since the Late Cretaceous: A paleoelevation reconstruction. Earth Sci. Rev.220(103640), 1–40. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103640 (2021).

Domínguez, M. C., Agrain, F. A., Flores, G. E. & Roig-Juñent, S. A. Vicariance events shaping Southern South American insect distributions. Zoolog. Scr.5, 504–511. 10.1111/zsc.12167 (2016).

Flores, G. E. & Pizarro-Araya, J. The Andes mountain range uplift as a vicariant event in the Pimeliinae (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) in Southern South America. Cahiers scientifiques du Muséum d histoire naturelle de Lyon10, 95–102 (2006).

Ortiz-Jaureguizar, E. & Cladera, G. A. Paleoenvironmental evolution of SSA during the Cenozoic. J. Arid Environ.66(3), 498–532. 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.01.007 (2006).

Staniczek, A. H. & Godunko, R. J. Revision of fossil Metretopodidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in Baltic amber—Part 1: Type specimens of hitherto described fossil species of Siphloplecton Clemens, 1915 and Metretopus Eaton, 1901, with description of four new fossil species of Siphloplecton. Palaeodiversity5, 57–87. 10.3897/zookeys.898.47118 (2012). PubMed PMC

Staniczek, A. H. & Godunko, R. J. Revision of fossil Metretopodidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in Baltic amber—Part 3: Description of two new species of Siphloplecton Clemens, 1915, with notes on the re-discovered lectotype of Siphloplecton macrops (Pictet-Baraban & Hagen, 1856) Zootaxa4103, 1–24. 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.1.1 (2016). PubMed

Godunko, R. J., Neumann, C. & Staniczek, A. Revision of fossil Metretopodidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) in Baltic amber — Part 4: Description of two new species of Siphloplecton Clemens, 1915, with notes on the new S. jaegeri species group and with key to fossil male adults of Siphloplecton. ZooKeys898, 1–26. 10.3897/zookeys.898.47118 (2019). PubMed PMC