Myokines represent important regulators of muscle metabolism. Our study aimed to explore the effects of a cyclical ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young males on serum concentrations of myokines and their potential role in changes in physical fitness. Twenty-five subjects undergoing regular resistance/aerobic training were randomized to the CKD (n = 13) or RD (n = 12) groups. Anthropometric and spiroergometric parameters, muscle strength, biochemical parameters, and serum concentrations of myokines and cytokines were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Both diets reduced body weight, body fat, and BMI. Muscle strength and endurance performance were improved only by RD. Increased musclin (32.9 pg/mL vs. 74.5 pg/mL, p = 0.028) and decreased osteonectin levels (562 pg/mL vs. 511 pg/mL, p = 0.023) were observed in RD but not in the CKD group. In contrast, decreased levels of FGF21 (181 pg/mL vs. 86.4 pg/mL, p = 0.003) were found in the CKD group only. Other tested myokines and cytokines were not significantly affected by the intervention. Our data suggest that changes in systemic osteonectin and musclin levels could contribute to improved muscle strength and endurance performance and partially explain the differential effects of CKD and RD on physical fitness.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- ketogenní dieta * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odporový trénink * MeSH
- osteonektin MeSH
- redukční dieta MeSH
- složení těla fyziologie MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Obezita je důležitým rizikovým faktorem pro vznik diabetes mellitus 2. typu a významně se podílí na vzniku dalších přidružených onemocnění, jako jsou arteriální hypertenze, dyslipidemie a další, jejichž kombinace je označována jako metabolický syndrom. Přítomnost metabolického syndromu vede k výraznému zvýšení rizika kardiovaskulární morbidity a mortality. Obezita zejména vyšších stupňů a její progrese nepochybně přispívá ke zhoršení kompenzace a celkové prognózy diabetiků 2. typu a snížení hmotnosti naopak může mít významné pozitivní účinky. V tomto článku podáváme přehled možností snížení hmotnosti u pacientů s diabetes mellitus 2. typu pomocí farmakoterapie. Věnujeme se zejména novějším lékovým skupinám gliflozinů a agonistů pro glukagonu podobný peptid 1 (glucagon-like peptid 1 receptor agonists, GLP-1 RA), které kromě snížení hmotnosti pacienta vedou i k poklesu kardiovaskulárních či renálních komplikací, a nastiňujeme také aktuální perspektivy léčby, včetně nových antiobezitik, která se postupně blíží uvedení na trh. Pro úplnost také stručně uvádíme léčebné možnosti s využitím bariatrické chirurgie a endoskopie.
Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, and it significantly contributes to the development of other comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and other diseases commonly referred to as metabolic syndrome. The presence of metabolic syndrome markedly increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obesity, in particular its higher degrees, and its progression undoubtedly worsens glucose control and overall prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes. On the contrary, weight loss can have significant positive effects. In this paper, we provide a review of current possibilities of body weight reduction with the use of pharmacotherapy. We focus especially on the novel drug classes gliflozins and glucagon-like peptid 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) which in addition to body weight reduction also decrease the risk of renal and cardiovascular compli cations. We also discuss the current perspectives including novel antiobesitic drugs that are getting closer to the introduction to the market. For the sake of completeness, we also briefly mention the treatment possibilities using bariatric surgery and endoscopy.
Obesity is a significant problem worldwide. Several serious diseases that decrease patient quality of life and increase mortality (high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes etc.) are associated with obesity. Obesity treatment is a multidisciplinary and complex process that requires maximum patient compliance. Change of lifestyle is fundamental in the treatment of obesity. While pharmacotherapeutic options are available, their efficacy is limited. Surgical treatment though highly effective, carries the risk of complications and is thus indicated mostly in advanced stages of obesity. Endoscopic treatments of obesity are less invasive than surgical options, and are associated with fewer complications and nutritional deficits. Currently, there is a large spectrum of endoscopic methods based on the principles of gastric volume reduction, size restriction and gastric or small bowel bypass being explored with only few available in routine practice. The aim of this publication is to present an up-to-date summary of available endoscopic methods for the treatment of obesity focusing on their efficacy, safety and nutritional aspects.
- MeSH
- bariatrická chirurgie metody MeSH
- endoskopie trávicího systému metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční stav * MeSH
- obezita patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
