Prsní žláza je komplexní orgán, jehož vývoj začíná záhy v gestaci, a který se od puberty k meno- pauze průběžně mění ve velikosti, tvaru i funkci. Zatímco nejčasnější stadia embryogeneze probí- hají nezávisle na steroidních hormonech, po 15. týdnu je struktura prsu významně ovlivněna řa- dou hormonů. U většiny žen začíná po pubertě další vývoj prsu pod vlivem cyklické sekrece estro- genu a progesteronu. Tento proces může pokračovat i po dvacítce a je potencován těhotenstvím. Růstové a transkripční faktory přispívají ke vzájemným interakcím stroma – epitel při růstu vý- voji normální prsní žlázy, i při patogenezi. Z pohledu embryologie vychází morfologie duktálních i lobulárních buněk prsu z téhož vývojového procesu. Existují četné údaje o existenci obnovujících se pluripotentních kmenových buněk prsní žlázy, avšak jejich molekulární charakteristika a cesty diferenciace nejsou dosud známy. Lze doufat, že probíhající rozsáhlý výzkum molekulární biologie, patologie a nádorové genomiky a proteomiky přispěje k objasnění všech genetických i zevních faktorů účastnících se vývoje, diferenciace a involuce prsní žlázy, a zároveň povede k lepšímu po- chopení etiopatogeneze, časnému záchytu, léčbě a možná i prevenci karcinomu prsu.

The mammary gland is a complex organ that begins development early in gestation and constantly changes in size, shape and function from the time of puberty to menopause. The earliest stages of embryogenesis appear to be independent of steroid hormones, whereas after the 15th week breast structure is largely influenced by a variety of hormones. In most females, further breast development begins at puberty under the influence of cyclical estrogen and progesterone secretion. This process may continue into the 20s and it is enhanced by pregnancy. Growth and transcription factors contribute to the reciprocal stromal-epithelial interactions in growth, development and tumorogenesis of the mammary gland. From the embryological point of view the morphology of both mammary ductal and lobular cells results from the same developmental process. Numerous data suggest the existence of self-renewing, pluripotent mammary stem cells but their molecular characteristics and differentiation pathways are unknown. The extensive research currently being done in molecular biology and pathology, cancer genomics and proteomics will hopefully contribute to further elucidation of all the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development, differentiation, and involution of the mammary gland and this may give insight into the etiopathogenesis, early detection, treatment, and potential prevention of breast cancer.

• MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• geny erbB-1 fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléčné žlázy lidské anatomie a histologie   embryologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nádory duktální, lobulární a medulární patologie   MeSH
• transkripční faktory fyziologie   MeSH
• tyrosinkinasy fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The thirteenth annual workshop of the European Network for Breast Development and Cancer (ENBDC) Laboratories Annual Workshop took place on the 28-30 April 2022 in Weggis, Switzerland and focused on methods in mammary gland biology and breast cancer. Sixty scientists participated in the ENBDC annual workshop which had not been held in person since 2019 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Topics spanned the mammary gland biology field, ranging from lactation biology and embryonic development, single cell sequencing of the human breast, and stunning cutting-edge imaging of the mouse mammary gland and human breast as well as breast cancer research topics including invasive progression of the pre-invasive DCIS stage, metabolic determinants of endocrine therapy resistance, models for lobular breast cancer, and how mutational landscapes of normal breast during age and pregnancy determine cancer risk. The latest findings from participating researchers were presented through oral presentations and poster sessions and included plenty of unpublished work.

• MeSH
• biologie MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléčné žlázy lidské * metabolismus   MeSH
• mléčné žlázy zvířat metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádory prsu * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

On 8 December 2022 the organizing committee of the European Network for Breast Development and Cancer labs (ENBDC) held its fifth annual Think Tank meeting in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Here, we embraced the opportunity to look back to identify the most prominent breakthroughs of the past ten years and to reflect on the main challenges that lie ahead for our field in the years to come. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this position paper, in the hope that it will serve as a summary of the current state of affairs in mammary gland biology and breast cancer research for early career researchers and other newcomers in the field, and as inspiration for scientists and clinicians to move the field forward.

• MeSH
• biologie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléčné žlázy lidské * MeSH
• nádory prsu * MeSH
• prsy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The signaling pathway mediated by Wingless-type (Wnt) proteins is highly conserved in evolution. This pivotal pathway is known to regulate cell fate decisions, cell proliferation, morphology, migration, apoptosis, differentiation and stem cell self-renewal. It currently includes the canonical or Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in which Wnt proteins bind to 'frizzled' receptors, which leads to downstream activation of gene transcription by beta-catenin. Second, the noncanonical or beta-catenin-independent pathways are now known to be mediated by three possible mechanisms: (1) the Wnt/Ca(2+) pathway, (2) the Wnt/G protein signaling pathway, and (3) the Wnt/PCP or planar cell polarity pathway. Wnt signaling is implicated at several stages of mammary gland growth and differentiation, and possibly in the involution of mammary gland following lactation. Recent evidence suggests the role of Wnt signaling in human breast cancer involves elevated levels of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic beta-catenin using immunohistochemistry, overexpression or downregulation of specific Wnt proteins, overexpression of CKII and sFRP4, downregulation of WIF-1 and sFRP1, as well as amplification of DVL-1. Further research is required to determine how Wnt signaling is involved in the development of different histological types of breast cancer and whether it promotes the viability of cancer stem cells or not. Copyright 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléčné žlázy lidské metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nádorová transformace buněk genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory prsu genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny Wnt genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce * fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The essential role of mammary gland stroma in the regulation of mammary epithelial development, function, and cancer has long been recognized. Only recently, though, the functions of individual stromal cell populations have begun to become more clarified. Mammary fibroblasts have emerged as master regulators and modulators of epithelial cell behavior through paracrine signaling, extracellular matrix production and remodeling, and through regulation of other stromal cell types. In this review article, we summarize the crucial studies that helped to untangle the roles of fibroblasts in mammary gland development. Furthermore, we discuss the origin, heterogeneity, and plasticity of mammary fibroblasts during mammary development and cancer progression.

• MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléčné žlázy lidské růst a vývoj   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The European Network for Breast Development and Cancer (ENBDC), a worldwide network ( http://www.enbdc.org/ ), celebrated its tenth anniversary with a fantastic meeting last March 15-17, 2018 in Weggis with 76 attendees.

• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum metody   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléčné žlázy lidské diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nádory prsu diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• prsy diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• výzkumní pracovníci statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom MeSH
• experimentální nádory MeSH
• leukemie patologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádory prsu MeSH
• thymus transplantace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The eleventh annual workshop of the European Network for Breast Development and Cancer, Methods in mammary gland biology and breast cancer, took place on the 16th to 18th of May 2019 in Weggis, Switzerland. The main topics of the meeting were high resolution genomics and proteomics for the study of mammary gland development and cancer, breast cancer signaling, tumor microenvironment, preclinical models of breast cancer, and tissue morphogenesis. Exciting novel findings in, or highly relevant to, mammary gland biology and breast cancer field were presented, with insights into the methods used to obtain them. Among others, the discussed methods included single-cell RNA sequencing, genetic barcoding, lineage tracing, spatial transcriptomics, optogenetics, genetic mouse models and organoids.

• MeSH
• genomika MeSH
• karcinogeneze genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí * MeSH
• nádory prsu genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• proteomika MeSH
• prsy metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• společnosti vědecké MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

3D cell culture methods have been an integral part of and an essential tool for mammary gland and breast cancer research for half a century. In fact, mammary gland researchers, who discovered and deciphered the instructive role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in mammary epithelial cell functional differentiation and morphogenesis, were the pioneers of the 3D cell culture techniques, including organoid cultures. The last decade has brought a tremendous increase in the 3D cell culture techniques, including modifications and innovations of the existing techniques, novel biomaterials and matrices, new technological approaches, and increase in 3D culture complexity, accompanied by several redefinitions of the terms "3D cell culture" and "organoid". In this review, we provide an overview of the 3D cell culture and organoid techniques used in mammary gland biology and breast cancer research. We discuss their advantages, shortcomings and current challenges, highlight the recent progress in reconstructing the complex mammary gland microenvironment in vitro and ex vivo, and identify the missing 3D cell cultures, urgently needed to aid our understanding of mammary gland development, function, physiology, and disease, including breast cancer.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• buněčné kultury přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• buněčné sféroidy patologie   MeSH
• epitelové buňky patologie   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix patologie   MeSH
• kokultivační techniky metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléčné žlázy lidské cytologie   patologie   MeSH
• mléčné žlázy zvířat cytologie   patologie   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádory prsu patologie   MeSH
• organoidy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH