20186496 OR Circulating nucleic acids as a new diagnostic tool
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The discovery of circulating nucleic acids in the 1940s opened up new possibilities for the non-invasive detection, monitoring and screening of various human disorders. Several tumour markers that enable early cancer detection or tumour behaviour prediction have been detected in the plasma of cancer patients. Maternal plasma analysis can be used to detect certain fetal abnormalities, with the quantification of cell-free nucleic acids used to screen for several pregnancy-associated disorders. Some other applications are in transplant monitoring and graft rejection assessment, and in certain medical emergencies such as trauma and burn severity stratification. Many studies have yielded promising results in this field, but the techniques have yet to be applied in routine clinical practice. Large-scale studies using similar technologies and a broad spectrum of patients are still needed to verify the results of the various studies.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoc MeSH
- nukleové kyseliny krev diagnostické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe neoplastic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. HCC is often detected at advanced stages leading to ineffective curative treatments. Recently, liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive method to identify highly specific HCC biomarkers in bodily fluids such as blood, serum, urine, and saliva. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), particularly cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA), have become promising candidates for biomarkers in liquid biopsy applications. While cfDNA presented significant challenges, researchers have turned their attention to cfRNA, which can be efficiently identified through various methods and is considered a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This review primarily focuses on studies related to detecting various cfRNA in body fluids as biomarkers. The aim is to provide a summary of available information to assist researchers in their investigations and the development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools.
- MeSH
- hepatocelulární karcinom * diagnóza krev genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery * krev genetika analýza MeSH
- nádory jater * diagnóza genetika krev MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- tekutá biopsie metody MeSH
- volné cirkulující nukleové kyseliny * krev analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The development of minimally invasive and low-cost assay enabling early diagnosis, treatment response and prognosis in cancer patients may provide a promising alternative to tumor biopsy. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is probably the most promising tool among all components of liquid biopsy. This review includes studies exploring cfDNA as the diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarker for all types of cancer. In this article, we systematically reviewed the relevant literature from PubMed about cfDNA. All articles presented higher cfDNA concentration in cancer patients when compared with patients with benign disease or healthy individuals. Most of the articles showed a connection between cfDNA and prognosis. The presence of high cfDNA level in serum or plasma was associated with worse overall patient's survival. This review supports the idea that the cfDNA analysis represents a promising research area and hopefully in the future, could be applied as a new biomarker for cancer detection, prognosis determination and prediction of the response to therapy.
