We aimed to determine the persisting effects of various exercise modalities and intensities on functional capacity after periods of training cessation in older adults. A comprehensive search was conducted across the Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection up to March 2024 for randomized controlled trials examining residual effects of physical exercise on functional capacity in older adults ≥ 60 years. The analysis encompassed 15 studies and 21 intervention arms, involving 787 participants. The exercise and training cessation periods ranged from 8 to 43 weeks and 4 to 36 weeks, respectively. Meta-analyses were performed using change scores from before the physical exercise to after the training cessation. The effect sizes (ES) were calculated as the standardized mean differences between the intervention and control groups' change scores. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions explored the influence of participant characteristics, the magnitude of the effect produced by the initial training program, various exercise modalities (resistance and multicomponent training) and intensities (high and low), and subdomains of functional capacity (agility, balance, standing ability, walking ability, and stair walking). The findings revealed that exercise interventions had a significant effect on preserving functional capacity after training cessation (ES = 0.87; p < 0.01). This protective effect was consistent across various exercise modalities and intensities (ES ≥ 0.67; p ≤ 0.04). The benefits obtained during the training program were positively associated with the residual effects observed after training cessation (β = 0.73; p < 0.01), while age negatively influenced the persisting adaptations (β = -0.07; p < 0.01). Current evidence suggests that exercise-based interventions, irrespective of modality and intensity, are highly effective in preventing functional declines after training cessation among older adults.

• MeSH
• cvičení * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odporový trénink metody   MeSH
• posturální rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• hypertrofie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů fyziologie   MeSH
• svaly * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Řím MeSH

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, there is a lack of consensus and high controversy about the most effective range of motion (ROM) to minimize the risk of injury and maximize the resistance training adaptations. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific evidence examining the effects of full and partial ROM resistance training interventions on neuromuscular, functional, and structural adaptations. METHODS: The original protocol (CRD42020160976) was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database. Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant articles from the earliest record up to and including March 2021. The RoB 2 and GRADE tools were used to judge the level of bias and quality of evidence. Meta-analyses were performed using robust variance estimation with small-sample corrections. RESULTS: Sixteen studies were finally included in the systematic review and meta-analyses. Full ROM training produced significantly greater adaptations than partial ROM on muscle strength (ES = 0.56, p = 0.004) and lower-limb hypertrophy (ES = 0.88, p = 0.027). Furthermore, although not statistically significant, changes in functional performance were maximized by the full ROM training (ES = 0.44, p = 0.186). Finally, no significant superiority of either ROM was found to produce changes in muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length (ES = 0.28, p = 0.226). CONCLUSION: Full ROM resistance training is more effective than partial ROM to maximize muscle strength and lower-limb muscle hypertrophy. Likewise, functional performance appears to be favored by the use of full ROM exercises. On the contrary, there are no large differences between the full and partial ROM interventions to generate changes in muscle architecture.

• MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odporový trénink metody   MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů fyziologie   MeSH
• svalová síla fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Sarcopenia and frailty are age-related syndromes with negative effects on the quality of life of older people and on public health costs. Although extensive research has been carried out on the effects of physical exercise and physical syndromes, there is a knowledge gap when it comes to the effect of resistance training on muscular strength, physical performance, and body composition at early (prevention) and late (treatment) stages in both syndromes combined. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42019138253) to gather the evidence of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of resistance training programs lasting ≥8 weeks on strength, physical function, and body composition of adults ≥65 years old diagnosed with pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, pre-frailty, or frailty. A search from the earliest record up to and including December 2020 was carried out using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 25 studies (n = 2267 participants) were included. Meta-analysis showed significant changes in favour of resistance training for handgrip (ES = 0.51, p = 0.001) and lower-limb strength (ES = 0.93, p < 0.001), agility (ES = 0.78, p = 0.003), gait speed (ES = 0.75, p < 0.001), postural stability (ES = 0.68, p = 0.007), functional performance (ES = 0.76, p < 0.001), fat mass (ES = 0.41, p = 0.001), and muscle mass (ES = 0.29, p = 0.002). Resistance training during early stages had positive effects in all variables during early stages (ES > 0.12), being particularly effective in improving gait speed (ES = 0.63, p = 0.016) and functional strength (ES = 0.53, p = 0.011). Based on these results, resistance training should be considered as a highly effective preventive strategy to delay and attenuate the negative effects of sarcopenia and frailty in both early and late stages.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH