Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of metabolites of interest for industrial or medical use. The cultivation of freshwater Nostoc cf. linckia yielded 5.4 g/L of a crude exopolysaccharide (cEPS) with a molecular weight of 1.31 × 105 g/mol. Ion-exchange chromatography of cEPS yielded two dominant fractions, EPS-1 and EPS-2, differing in molecular weight. The lower molecular weight fraction (EPS-1) was subjected to structural studies. Results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses showed that three of the four dominant sugars, glucose, galactose and xylose are 1,4-linked in the backbone in the following order: [→4)-β-D-Xylp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→]n. Terminal mannose residues were identified as side chains linked at C3 of every third backbone xylose and every second glucose is branched at C6 by 3-O-lactyl-β-D-glucuronic acid (nosturonic acid). Antioxidant properties of EPS were tested using two in vitro methods. Both assays showed that the cEPS was more active than purified EPS-1 and EPS-2 fractions and deproteinized EPS.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie MeSH
- bakteriální polysacharidy analýza chemie MeSH
- galaktosa chemie MeSH
- glukosa chemie MeSH
- kyselina glukuronová chemie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- Nostoc chemie MeSH
- xylosa chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba škodlivé účinky MeSH
- léková kontraindikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- očkovací schéma MeSH
- sekundární imunizace metody normy MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * metody normy MeSH
- transplantace orgánů metody normy MeSH
- vakcinace metody normy MeSH
- virové vakcíny kontraindikace MeSH
- živé neatenuované vakcíny terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
The male of the recently described Acentrus boroveci Košťál, 2014 is described for the first time, and characters to differentiate it from males of the two other species of Acentrus Desmarest, 1839 are given.
- MeSH
- anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- nosatcovití anatomie a histologie klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- velikost těla MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The leaves of the annual plant Impatiens parviflora DC., a herbal medicine in Asian countries and invasive in managed forests and natural environments in Central Europe, have the potential as a source of bioactive phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. Extractives accounted for ∼22% of the leaves, whereby, the methanolic extract contains mainly caffeic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin derivatives, and 1,2,4-trihydroxynaphthalene-1-O-glucoside. From the pre-extracted leaves, non-cellulosic polysaccharides were isolated by a five-step extraction procedure using as extractants cold water, 0.05 M EDTA, and DMSO in the first three steps, and 1% and 5% NaOH in the last two steps. The isolated polysaccharide fractions were characterized by chemical, physicochemical, and spectroscopic analyses (FTIR and (1)H NMR). The first three fractions contained mainly pectin and the alkali-extracted ones methylglucuronoxylan and arabinogalactan. The suggested structural features were confirmed using HSQC NMR and COSY experiments for polysaccharides of the EDTA-fraction and the Pronase-treated 5% NaOH-fraction. The EDTA fraction comprised a pectin with low degree of methyl-esterification (DM, 37%) with few rhamnogalacturonan RG I segments bearing β-1,4-galactan as side chains. The alkali-extracted fraction comprised a degraded methylglucuronoxylan and type II 3,6-arabinogalactan in about equal amounts.
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Program epidemiologickej bdelosti zameraný na hemofilové infekcie na Slovensku bol koncipovaný ako pomerne rozsiahla selektívna surveillance, ktorá mala poskytnúť relevantné informácie o výskyte inváznych hemofilových infekcií na Slovensku s konečným cieľom ich kontroly zavedením celoplošného očkovania v rámci imunizačného programu. Surveillance v priebehu 15 rokov trvania prešla vývojom podľa toho, ako bolo potrebné riešiť aktuálne vzniknuté problémy a reagovať na podnety z terénu. Autori poskytujú informácie o výskyte ochorení, diagnostických postupoch a sérologických prehľadoch uskutočnených v rámci multidisciplinárneho prístupu. Po zavedení očkovania bol prístup rozšírený o sledovanie možného replacementu sérotypov, zmeny stavu rezistencie, nosičstva a o sledovanie možného výskytu autoimunitných ochorení súvisiacich s očkovaním proti Hib.
The epidemiological survey programme focused on Haemophilus infections in Slovakia was a broad selective surveillance the purpose of which was to provide relevant information about invasive Haemophilus diseases. The aim was to incorporate the conjugated Hib vaccine to the regular immunisation schedule. 15 years of surveillance revealed several problems and questions that had to be solved. The authors present their experience from the process of collecting and analysing information about the incidence of Hib diseases, the diagnostic algorithm, and the serological survey carried out using a multidisciplinary approach. After the successful implementation of vaccination, its impact was analysed and new questions had to be followed-up, serotype replacement and Hib vaccination related autoimmunity issues being the most acute ones.
- Klíčová slova
- hemofilové invázne ochorenia, surveillance, očkovanie, konjugovaná vakcína, Hib,
- MeSH
- autoimunita MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci komplikace MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- Haemophilus influenzae typu B MeSH
- hemofilové infekce diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- hemofilové vakcíny terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meningitida hemofilová diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- mezioborová komunikace MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vakcinace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- vakcíny konjugované terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
