BACKGROUND: It is not clear if soccer training affected the development of muscle strength positively in children. We hypothesize that soccer training could positively affect the isokinetic concentric muscle strength and anthropometric characteristics in different ages of adolescents of the same biological age. METHODS: A total of 126 young soccer players (N.=66) and untrained boys (N.=60) throughout the developmental ages of 12, 14 and 16 years volunteered to participate in the study. Sexual maturation was classified according to Tanner's stages. Soccer players, except from their school's physical education program, participate also in a soccer training program. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements. The isokinetic-concentric peak torque values of the hamstrings (H) and quadriceps (Q), as well as the conventional strength ratios of H:Q, were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60, 180, and 300°·s-1. RESULTS: Anthropometric differences in the same age group, between trained and untrained, were presented only for 12-year-olds (height, P<0.001 and BMI, P<0.01). Between groups, differences were observed in almost all anthropometric measurements, probably as result of development. The absolute isokinetic-concentric muscle strength was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the 12- and 16-year-old trained group, compared to untrained, for the knee-flexors and knee-extensors. However, no significant differences were found between the trained and untrained 14-year-olds, for the muscle groups of Q and H. The H:Q strength ratios did not differ between groups at all angular velocities. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that systematic soccer training has a positive effect in the peripheral system, expressed as an increased lower limb muscle strength; specifically, Q and H.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fotbal * MeSH
• kosterní svaly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• točivý moment MeSH
• zadní stehenní svaly * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of soccer training on maximal oxygen uptake and anthropometric characteristics in different ages of soccer players and untrained adolescents of the same biological age. METHODS: A total of one hundred and twenty-six (N.=126) young soccer players and untrained boys throughout the developmental ages of 12 (soccer players N.=22; untrained boys = 22) 14 (soccer players N.=20; untrained boys = 18) and 16 (soccer players N.=22; untrained boys = 22) volunteered to participate in the study. Sexual maturation was classified according to Tanner's stages. Soccer players participated both in their school's physical education program and in a soccer training program, while the untrained participated only in their school's physical education program. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements and performed a maximal exercise test on a motor driven treadmill to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and cardiorespiratory indices. Blood lactate (BL) concentration was determined in the 5th minute of recovery using a lactate photometer. RESULTS: The trained group showed significantly higher V̇O2max, in absolute and relative values (P<0.001), BLmax (P<0.05) and maximal respiratory exchange ratio (RERmax) (P<0.05) compared to the untrained group. Resting heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower (P<0.05) for the trained compared to untrained. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that systematic soccer training has a positive effect in the central cardiovascular system expressed as V̇O2max, HR and blood pressure.

• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• fotbal fyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• respirační funkční testy MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku fyziologie   MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• tělesná výchova MeSH
• tolerance zátěže fyziologie   MeSH
• zátěžový test metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The purpose of the present study was to compare the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition of the deltoid and vastus lateralis muscles of the dominant and non-dominant limbs in handball players. Eleven male Greek elite handball players (age 22.6 ± 1.9 yrs, training experience 10.6 ± 2.1 yrs, height 184.1 ± 4.1 cm, and weight 81.0 ± 12.5 kg) participated in the study. Four muscle biopsies were obtained from the dominant and non-dominant deltoid and vastus lateralis muscles during the in-season period. The MHC composition was determined using SDS-PAGE. No significant difference was found between the dominant and non-dominant muscles; Deltoid muscle: MHC I [(95%CI = -1.22, 0.33), P = 0.228], MHC ΙΙa [(95%CI = -0.32, 1.59), P = 0.168] and MHC IIx [(95%CI = -1.49, 1.10), P = 0.749]; Vastus lateralis muscle: MHC I [(95%CI = -0.38, 0.63), P = 0.586], MHC ΙΙa [(95%CI = -0.50, 0.65), P = 0.783] and MHC IIx [(95%CI = -1.08, 0.42), P = 0.355]. The findings of the present study indicate that the greater use of the dominant limbs for throwing actions and body movements in handball do not lead to altered MHC isoform composition compared to the non-dominant limbs.

• MeSH
• čtyřhlavý sval stehenní chemie   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• musculus deltoideus chemie   MeSH
• protein - isoformy analýza   MeSH
• sporty fyziologie   MeSH
• těžké řetězce myosinu analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of long term (prolonged) football training on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and isokinetic muscle strength in young football players and untrained boys of the same biological age. Twenty football competitive boys (mean age 14 ± 0 yrs; height 165.5 ± 8.5 cm; weight 59.9 ± 9.5 kg; years of training 7 ± 3) and eighteen untrained school boys (mean age 14 ± 0; height 168.22 ± 10.46 cm; weight 59.3 ± 9.9 kg) of the same biological age volunteered to participate in the study. Sexual maturation classified according to Tanner’s stage 3. The football players participated both in their school’s physical education program and in their football team training program while the untrained group participated only in their school’s physical education program (2–3 times per week for 40 min). All subjects were tested for maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) on the treadmill using an open circuit spirometry. The isokinetic peak torque values of quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) as well as the H : Q strength ratios were recorded. Hcon : Qcon was calculated as the ratio of the peak concentric torque of H to the peak concentric torque of the Q. Results showed that the trained group had significantly lower heart rate in rest (p < 0.001), higher RER (p < 0.001), maximal blood lactate (BLmax) (p < 0.001) and higher V̇O2 max in both relative and absolute values (p < 0.001) compared to the untrained group. At angular velocities of 60 ° s−1 and 180 ° s−1 the relative peak torque of Q and H were significantly higher (Q = p < 0.01; H = p < 0.01). However, the absolute values of Q and H as well as the H : Q ratios at all angular velocities did not differ significantly between the two groups. The results suggest that systematic football training (intensity and duration) has a positive effect in metabolic capacity, cardiorespiratory system and neuromuscular function.

• MeSH
• fotbal * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• svalová síla * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

Metaxas, T, Mandroukas, A, Michailidis, Y, Koutlianos, N, Christoulas, K, and Ekblom, B. Correlation of fiber-type composition and sprint performance in youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2629-2634, 2019-The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between muscle fiber type and sprint performance in elite young soccer players of different age groups of the same team. Twenty-eight young players participated in this study (group U15, n = 8; group U13, n = 9; and group U11, n = 11). Anthropometric assessments, acceleration (10 m), and Bangsbo modified sprint test (30 m) were performed. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis, and after that, fiber-type composition was determined by immunohistochemistry. No significant correlations were found between the sprint test and muscle fiber distribution for the groups U13 and U11 (p > 0.05). Also, no correlations were found between cross-sectional areas in the types of fibers with the sprint test in all groups (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was found between type I fibers and the performance in the acceleration test (10 m) (r = 0.77, p < 0.05) was found only in group U15 and a negative correlation between type IIA fibers and the performance in the acceleration test (10 m) (r = -0.89, p < 0.05). The correlations were observed only in group U15, which may indicate that the duration and the intensity of the soccer systematic training can affect the plasticity of the muscle fibers. Specific soccer training in youth is one of the factors that can affect fiber-type plasticity. The specific training programs and status of U15 are more intensive, and the exercises are oriented more to improve physical fitness.

• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• běh fyziologie   MeSH
• čtyřhlavý sval stehenní cytologie   MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fotbal fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• plasticita buňky MeSH
• sportovní výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• svalová vlákna typu I cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• svalová vlákna typu II cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• zátěžový test MeSH
• zrychlení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential variations in cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters and running performance among 3 modes of exercise of the same duration, namely, intermittent running with active recovery (AR) or passive recovery (PR) and continuous running (CR) and whether these variations could affect passive recovery time (PRT). Fifteen male physical education students with a subspecialty in soccer were studied (mean age 22.3 ± 2.5 years, training experience 12.3 ± 2.5 years) in the middle of the playing season. The results showed that during exercise, the highest heart rate (HR) and VO2 values were observed in CR, whereas the lowest values in PR followed by AR. Blood lactate (BLa) concentration was higher in PR by 38% compared to that in AR (p < 0.05). The exercise duration was similar between PR and AR tests and longer than in CR. With regard to PRT, the highest HR (186 ± 9 b · min(-1)), VO2 (55.5 ± 5.2 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)), and BLa (5.1 ± 1.7 mmol · L(-1)) values were found in CR. No differences in HR and VO2 between PR and AR were detected. However, despite the differences in BLa concentration between AR and PR during exercise, the PRT BLa values between these 2 exercise modes were not different. Among the 3 running protocols, only CR appeared to have fully challenged the cardiorespiratory system inducing maximal HR and VO2 responses during exercise and high BLa values in PRT, yet these responses were not associated with better exercise performance compared to intermittent running. Therefore, intermittent exercise, regardless of implementing passive or active interval, might be the preferable exercise mode particularly in activities extended over 30 minutes.

• MeSH
• běh fyziologie   MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fotbal fyziologie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obnova funkce MeSH
• sportovní výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku fyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this study was to examine and to compare alterations in the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) during different exercise-testing protocols in moderately trained men. Fifteen healthy male physical education students were studied (mean age 22·3 ± 2·5 years, training experience 12·3 ± 2·5 years, height 1·80 ± 0·06 m, weight 77·4 ± 8·2 kg). Participants performed an initial graded maximal exercise testing on a treadmill for the determination of VO(2max) (duration 7·45-9·3 min and VO(2max) 55·05 ± 3·13 ml kg(-1) min(-1) ) and were examined with active recovery (AR), passive recovery (PR) and continuous running (CR) in random order. Blood samples for plasma ANP concentration were taken at rest (baseline measurement), immediately after the end of exercise as well as after 30 min in passive recovery time (PRT). The plasma ANP concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results showed that ANP plasma values increased significantly from the rest period to maximal values. In the short-term graded maximal exercise testing the ANP plasma values increased by 56·2% (44·8 ± 10·4 pg ml(-1) versus 102·3 ± 31·3 pg ml(-1) , P<0.001) and in the CR testing the ANP levels increased by 29·2% (44·8 ± 10·4 pg ml(-1) versus 63·3 ± 19·8 pg ml(-1) , P<0.001) compared to the baseline measurement. Moreover, the values of ANP decreased significantly (range 46·4-51·2%, P<0.001) in PRT after the end of the four different exercise modes. However, no significant difference was evident when ANP values at rest and after AR and PR were compared. It is concluded that the exercise testing protocol may affect the plasma ANP concentrations. Particularly, short-term maximal exercise significantly increases ANP values, while the intermittent exercise form of active and passive recovery decreases ANP concentrations.

• MeSH
• atriální natriuretický faktor krev   sekrece   MeSH
• běh fyziologie   MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odpočinek fyziologie   MeSH
• radioimunoanalýza metody   MeSH
• tělesná výchova MeSH
• výchova a vzdělávání metody   MeSH
• zátěžový test metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH