Context C-6-Geranylated flavonoids possess promising biological activities. These substances could be a source of lead compounds for the development of therapeutics. Objective The study was designed to evaluate their antibacterial and antileishmanial activity. Materials and methods C-6-Geranylated flavanones were tested in micromolar concentrations against promastigote forms of Leishmania brazilensis, L. donovani, L. infantum, and L. panamensis against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); and synergistic potential with antibiotics was analyzed. IC50 values (after 72 h) were calculated and compared with that of miltefosine. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analysis were used the mechanism of the effect. Geranylated flavanones or epigallocatechin gallate were combined with oxacillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, and the effects of these two-component combinations were evaluated. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were established (after 24 h), the synergy was measured by the checkerboard titration technique, and the sums of the fractional inhibitory concentrations (∑FICs) were computed. Results 3'-O-Methyl-5'-O-methyldiplacone and 3'-O-methyldiplacone showed good antileishmanial activities (IC50 8-42 μM). 3'-O-Methyl-5'-hydroxydiplacone activates the apoptotic death at leishmanias, the effect of 3'-O-methyl-5'-O-methyldiplacone has another mechanism. The test of the antibacterial activity showed good effects of 3'-O-methyldiplacol and mimulone against MRSA (MIC 2-16 μg/mL), and in six cases, the results showed synergistic effects when combined with oxacillin. Synergistic effects were also found for the combination of epigallocatechin gallate with tetracycline or oxacillin. Conclusion This work demonstrates anti-MRSA and antileishmanial potential of geranylated flavanones and uncovers their promising synergistic activities with antibiotics. In addition, the mechanism of antileishmanial effect is proposed.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- antiparazitární látky izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- flavonoidy izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- Leishmania účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Magnoliopsida * chemie MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- prenylace MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Exhaustive chromatographic separation of the chloroform portion of the ethanolic extract obtained from Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. (Paulowniaceae) fruits has led to isolation of ten C-6 geranylated flavanones tomentodiplacone C-I and mimulone C-E, featured by 3'-methoxy and 4'-hydroxy or 4'-hydroxy substitution of the B-ring of the flavonoid, respectively. The structures of these compounds were determined by using mass spectrometry (including HRMS) and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of the compounds at C-2 were determined using circular dichroism. The obtained compounds showed the presence of a geranyl moiety functionalized by a carbonyl, hydroxyl or methoxyl group, or by formation of tetrahydrofuran or fused-pyrane ring, respectively. All of the flavanones described were isolated for the first time from a natural source. The antibacterial activities of selected compounds isolated along with the previously isolated geranylated flavanones were evaluated against a common panel of microbes and MRSA strains. The selected isolated compounds were tested for their ability to affect eukaryotic translation initiation via dual-luciferase reporter assay (firefly and renilla).
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- flavanony chemie farmakologie MeSH
- iniciace translace peptidového řetězce účinky léků MeSH
- luciferasy genetika MeSH
- Magnoliopsida chemie MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- reportérové geny genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The centromere is a functional chromosome domain that is essential for faithful chromosome segregation during cell division and that can be reliably identified by the presence of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CenH3. In monocentric chromosomes, the centromere is characterized by a single CenH3-containing region within a morphologically distinct primary constriction. This region usually spans up to a few Mbp composed mainly of centromere-specific satellite DNA common to all chromosomes of a given species. In holocentric chromosomes, there is no primary constriction; the centromere is composed of many CenH3 loci distributed along the entire length of a chromosome. Using correlative fluorescence light microscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy, we show that pea (Pisum sativum) chromosomes exhibit remarkably long primary constrictions that contain 3-5 explicit CenH3-containing regions, a novelty in centromere organization. In addition, we estimate that the size of the chromosome segment delimited by two outermost domains varies between 69 Mbp and 107 Mbp, several factors larger than any known centromere length. These domains are almost entirely composed of repetitive DNA sequences belonging to 13 distinct families of satellite DNA and one family of centromeric retrotransposons, all of which are unevenly distributed among pea chromosomes. We present the centromeres of Pisum as novel "meta-polycentric" functional domains. Our results demonstrate that the organization and DNA composition of functional centromere domains can be far more complex than previously thought, do not require single repetitive elements, and do not require single centromere domains in order to segregate properly. Based on these findings, we propose Pisum as a useful model for investigation of centromere architecture and the still poorly understood role of repetitive DNA in centromere evolution, determination, and function.
- MeSH
- centromera genetika MeSH
- chromozomy genetika MeSH
- histony genetika MeSH
- hrách setý cytologie genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- repetitivní sekvence nukleových kyselin MeSH
- retroelementy genetika MeSH
- satelitní DNA genetika MeSH
- segregace chromozomů genetika MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- tubulin genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nitrooční tlak fyziologie MeSH
- tonometrie oční metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
