Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread in the Americas since 2015 and the potential establishment of a sylvatic transmission cycle in the continent has been hypothesized. We evaluated vector competence of five sylvatic Neotropical mosquito species to two ZIKV isolates. Distinct batches of Haemagogus leucoceleanus, Sabethes albiprivus, Sabethes identicus, Aedes terrens and Aedes scapularis females were respectively orally challenged and inoculated intrathoracically with ZIKV. Orally challenged mosquitoes were refractory or exhibited low infection rates. Viral dissemination was detected only in Hg. leucocelaenus, but with very low rates. Virus was not detected in saliva of any mosquito orally challenged with ZIKV, regardless of viral isolate and incubation time. When intrathoracically injected, ZIKV disseminated in high rates in Hg. leucocelaenus, Sa. identicus and Sa. albpiprivus, but low transmission was detected in these species; very low dissemination and no transmission was detected in Ae. terrens and Ae. scapularis. Together these results suggest that genetically determined tissue barriers, especially in the midgut, play a vital role in inhibiting ZIKV for transmission in the tested sylvatic mosquito species. Thus, an independent enzootic transmission cycle for ZIKV in South America is very unlikely.
- MeSH
- infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
- infekce virem zika diagnóza epidemiologie přenos virologie MeSH
- komáří přenašeči virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ochrana veřejného zdraví MeSH
- virová nálož MeSH
- virus zika * klasifikace genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jižní Amerika MeSH
Introduction: Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection is a major public health concern, affecting almost each country in the western hemisphere. A more than 20-fold increase in microcephaly risks is associated to ZIKV infection in pregnancy. A new vaccine is not expected before 2019, and alternative prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are encouraged. We expect that the Resonant Recognition Model, developed by Irena Cosic, might lay on the basis for an alternative approach to handle ZIKV. Objective: We tried to identify the resonant frequencies associated to the ZIKV polyprotein and their use for an automatic taxonomy of different ZIKV strains. We put to test the hypothesis of interaction between ZIKV envelope protein and the AXL receptor, one of the plausible mechanisms proposed for ZIKV associated microcephaly. Results: Four relevant frequencies (fRRM) were found in ZIKV polyprotein consensus spectrum. Corresponding four spectral amplitudes allowed separating African from Asian/American ZIKV isolates (k-means clustering). Peak 3 (fRRM= 0.2754) and Peak 4 (fRRM= 0.334) yielded a finer separation between Asian sequences and those from the current outbreak collected in 2015 (Asian/American). Consensus spectrum for pooled Dengue virus and ZIKV polyprotein sequences suggest that Peak 4 might be a specific hallmark of ZIKV. RRM results support the interaction between ZIKV envelope protein and AXL membrane receptor. The interacting frequency of fRRM= 0.167 seems to be a sub-harmonic of Peak 4. Conclusions: Resonant recognition model provides a plausible view of processes involved in the interactions of ZIKV with the human host, and is suggesting the exchange of electromagnetic radiation at the frequencies of 601.8nm (yellow light) and 1203.6 (near infrared) during ZIKV envelope protein with the AXL receptor in the human fetal tissue. This information might be relevant for alternative approaches to new therapeutic approaches to treat ZIKV-associated damage to newborns.
