The authors submit a case-history of a patient who developed renal failure as a result of acute rhabdomyolysis induced by severe hypokalaemia in Conn's syndrome. The authors describe the diagnosis of the disease, its course and discuss the relationship of hypokalaemia, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.

• MeSH
• akutní poškození ledvin etiologie   MeSH
• hyperaldosteronismus komplikace   MeSH
• hypokalemie komplikace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rhabdomyolýza komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

The author's aim is to analyze in more detail the temporal mortality trends from lung cancer in the Czech Republic in the age group from 35-69 years during 1960-1989, separately for men and women. Poisson's log-linear regression model revealed that the mortality in both sexes depended significantly on three time factors: age, year of birth and historical period. The dependence of mortality on the above factors was analyzed by Osmond-Gardner's method. The mortality increased in both sexes with age. The risk of death in male generations born between the beginning of the 19th century and the First World War declined, however, in generations born after 1915 it increased again with consecutive years of birth. In women the risk of death increased with the year of birth. The impact of five-year periods on mortality increased slowly, however, in women only from the first half of the seventies.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• nádory plic mortalita   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

The Bayesian algorithm was used to assess the probable diagnosis in 1262 patients with a recently diagnosed finding on X-rays of the chest and the results were compared with the final diagnosis. The patients were with regard to the X-ray picture divided into 9 groups: hilar, solitary, multiple, segmental, non-segmental, cavity, diffuse, pleural and mediastinal lesions. Using the Bayesian algorithm, commonly accessible factors were processed: age, sex, case-history, cigarette smoking, red cell sedimentation rate, number of leucocytes and diameter of solitary parenchymatous lesions and the impact of these factors for assessment of probability of a malignant or non-malignant lesion was evaluated. The reliability in different X-ray lesions was within the range of 84.2% to 92.4%. The authors evaluated also tests of sensitivity, specificity, the reliability of forecast of a positive and negative result, which confirmed the differences in the different groups which showed evaluated. Analysis of the results, provided evidence that the Bayesian algorithm is a promising objective method for the forecast of a malignant or non-malignant diagnosis in patients with a newly diagnosed X-ray finding of the chest.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• diagnóza počítačová * MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory mediastina diagnóza   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nádory pleury diagnóza   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nádory plic diagnóza   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nemoci mediastina diagnóza   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nemoci pleury diagnóza   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• plicní nemoci diagnóza   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

They authors present an interim report on the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis and the effectiveness of control measures as regards tuberculosis in the Czech Republic in 1991. The data are compared with previous years. The incidence of tuberculosis of all forms was 19.9/100,000 population, TB of the respiratory organs 16.2/100,000 and the incidence of bacteriologically confirmed respiratory TB 11.5/100,000 population. As compared with previous years, no statistically significant differences were found. Extrapulmonary TB accounted for less than 10% of the incidence, the position was similar also as regards mycobacterioses other than TB. The incidence of TB in children was 1.3/100,000 children under 15 years, after a transient increase in 1990 (microepidemic in gypsy children), a marked decline was recorded. The TB mortality rate was low (1.1/100,000 population), the prevalence to the date of Dec. 31 1991 was 21.7/100,000 population. On account of complaints 76% new cases were detected, the majority within 1 month, antituberculous treatment was effective, the mean period of treatment was reduced to less than 8 months. However, long in-patient treatment persists usually at the beginning of antituberculous treatment (3 months).

• MeSH
• atypické mykobakteriální infekce epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tuberkulóza epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo epidemiologie   MeSH

The prevalence was assessed in a randomized group of 18-year-old and older inhabitants of Prague 8. A total of 8458 internationally tested questionnaires were sent out to a population of 90,458; information was obtained on 7605 (89.9%), 1274 were given a detailed examination by standardized methods. Cumulative prevalence of bronchial asthma (B): 2.3% +/- 0.3% (same in M and F). The highest values at the age of 18-20 years were 3.5%; 3.6% in the age group 21-30 years, the absolutely highest values--4.6%--were recorded in 18-year-old men. Contemporary prevalence of BA: 1.99%. In BA bronchial obstructions were found in 51%, bronchial hyperreactivity in 75%, positive skin tests in 71%, an increase of IgE in 36%. Prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CHB): 14.1%; men 17.6% women--11.3%, highest value--18.9%--in the age group 70-80 years; absolutely highest values were recorded in men aged 70-80 years--20.9%. In CHB there was a bronchial obstruction in 55% and this obstruction was reversible in 40%. In the group CHB bronchial asthma was recorded in 20%. Prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) was estimated from results of broncho-provocative tests and from the calculation according to prevalence of BHR in respiratory diseases. The thus calculated figure was 13.7%. The incidence of bronchial asthma in chronic bronchitis in 1/6 and of bronchial hyperreactivity in more than 1/10 of the adult population are striking facts. It is essential to find the causes of these findings and make effective provisions to counteract them.

• MeSH
• bronchiální astma epidemiologie   MeSH
• bronchiální hyperreaktivita epidemiologie   MeSH
• bronchitida epidemiologie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo epidemiologie   MeSH

It is generally accepted that cigarette smoking is the most important lung cancer risk factor to which 80-90% of lung cancer mortality in advanced countries with a high tobacco consumption is ascribed. In the Czech Republic the increase of tobacco consumption since the end of the Second World War was arrested at the end of the sixties. Since the beginning of the seventies the cigarette consumption did not change substantially and varied close to 2500 cigarettes per inhabitant above 15 years. No reliable data are so far available in the Czech Republic on the development of the prevalence of smoking in different age groups of the population. According to several non-representative surveys in different districts it may be assumed that in men aged 25-64 years in the course of the last 20 years the ratio of male smokers declined probably, while it increased in female smokers. Due to the long "latency" between exposure to noxious substances and the manifestation of lung cancer which amounts to two, three or more decades, we have to evaluate the present mortality rate from lung cancer as a reflection of carcinogenic factors (above all cigarette smoking) in the more remote past. When evaluating the trend of mortality from lung cancer in the Czech Republic during 1953-1989, throughout that period the values were much higher in men that in women and the trend in the two sexes was quite different. In men the mortality rate from lung cancer increased in 1953-1967 to three times the initial value, while in women the levels remained low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic etiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo epidemiologie   MeSH

In 1970-1990 in the Institute of Lung Diseases in Prague a total of 180 mediastinoscopies were performed. In the submitted paper the authors discuss 169 of these examinations. In this group 20 examinations were associated with a peroperative or postoperative complications, i.e. a total of 12% of the examinations. However, only in three patients, i.e. cca 1.8% from the total number serious complications were involved which were unequivocally specific for mediastinoscopy. In two instances massive haemorrhage occurred from lacerated mediastinal vessels associated with superior vena cava syndrome and in one case pneumothorax developed. All these complications were controlled by surgical intervention made in time. The most frequent complication after mediastinoscopic examination was retention of a serohaematoma in the wound--this was recorded 11 times. The cause of its development is the method of preparation and anatomical conditions in the pre- and paratracheal space. The percentage of this complication can be reduced by using active drainage of the mediastinum.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mediastinoskopie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH