Older adults, especially men and/or those with diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity, are prone to severe COVID-19. In some countries, older adults, particularly those residing in nursing homes, have been prioritized to receive COVID-19 vaccines due to high risk of death. In very rare instances, the COVID-19 vaccines can induce anaphylaxis, and the management of anaphylaxis in older people should be considered carefully. An ARIA-EAACI-EuGMS (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and European Geriatric Medicine Society) Working Group has proposed some recommendations for older adults receiving the COVID-19 vaccines. Anaphylaxis to COVID-19 vaccines is extremely rare (from 1 per 100,000 to 5 per million injections). Symptoms are similar in younger and older adults but they tend to be more severe in the older patients. Adrenaline is the mainstay treatment and should be readily available. A flowchart is proposed to manage anaphylaxis in the older patients.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19 vaccines, adrenaline, anaphylaxis, older (adults/people),
• MeSH
• adrenalin MeSH
• anafylaxe * etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adrenalin MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH

• MeSH
• angiotensin konvertující enzym 2 fyziologie   MeSH
• bronchiální astma komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• COVID-19 etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• angiotensin konvertující enzym 2 MeSH

BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is accelerating worldwide, and novel clinical presentations of COVID-19 are often reported. The range of human cells and tissues targeted by SARS-CoV-2, its potential receptors and associated regulating factors are still largely unknown. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors and related molecules in the extensive collection of primary human cells and tissues from healthy subjects of different age and from patients with risk factors and known comorbidities of COVID-19. METHODS: We performed RNA sequencing and explored available RNA-Seq databases to study gene expression and co-expression of ACE2, CD147 (BSG), and CD26 (DPP4) and their direct and indirect molecular partners in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, bronchial and skin biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, NK cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and plasmablasts. We analyzed the material from healthy children and adults, and from adults in relation to their disease or COVID-19 risk factor status. RESULTS: ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were coexpressed at the epithelial sites of the lung and skin, whereas CD147 (BSG), cyclophilins (PPIA andPPIB), CD26 (DPP4), and related molecules were expressed in both epithelium and in immune cells. We also observed a distinct age-related expression profile of these genes in the PBMCs and T cells from healthy children and adults. Asthma, COPD, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and male gender status generally led to the higher expression of ACE2- and CD147-related genes in the bronchial biopsy, BAL, or blood. Additionally, CD147-related genes correlated positively with age and BMI. Interestingly, we also observed higher expression of CD147-related genes in the lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest different receptor repertoire potentially involved in the SARS-CoV-2 infection at the epithelial barriers and in the immune cells. Altered expression of these receptors related to age, gender, obesity and smoking, as well as with the disease status, might contribute to COVID-19 morbidity and severity patterns.

• Klíčová slova
• COPD, COVID-19, COVID-19 children, SARS receptor, asthma, hypertension, obesity,
• MeSH
• angiotensin konvertující enzym 2 genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• basigin genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• bronchiální astma epidemiologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc epidemiologie   MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc epidemiologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 epidemiologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• dipeptidylpeptidasa 4 genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exprese genu genetika   MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• přirozená imunita imunologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ACE2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• angiotensin konvertující enzym 2 MeSH
• basigin MeSH
• BSG protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• dipeptidylpeptidasa 4 MeSH
• DPP4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

In December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed into a pandemic. To date, it has resulted in ~9 million confirmed cases and caused almost 500 000 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID-19 pandemic is the gravest health and socioeconomic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence-based medical advice on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self-limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID-19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a "cytokine storm" leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thromboembolic complications, and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID-19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID-19-related topics should be based on more coordinated high-quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development, and epidemiology. A total of 150 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID-19 and allergic disease.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, allergy, coronavirus disease 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2,
• MeSH
• alergie komplikace   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• Betacoronavirus imunologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• koronavirové infekce komplikace   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• virová pneumonie komplikace   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH