This paper presents a retrospective review of patterns found in cases of homicides by sharp force over a 13-year period at the Department of Forensic Pathology of the Ostrava University Hospital, Czech Republic. The review summarizes all frequently discussed aspects of such cases including the number and localization of injuries, the presence of defensive wounds, the type of the offending weapon, the cause of death, the place of death, victims' and perpetrators' profiles, their relationship, or toxicological findings. Furthermore, special attention was paid to the evaluation of any accompanying blunt force trauma that may be indicative of an escalation of the assault. The set of data was statistically analyzed. Even though most of the results of this review are consistent with available published studies, noteworthy differences have emerged in some aspects such as the sex and age of the victims, the relationship between the number of injuries suffered and the victims' sex, or the severity of alcohol intoxication in victims.

• Klíčová slova
• Assault escalation, Blunt force trauma, Defensive wounds, Homicide, Sharp force trauma,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• otrava alkoholem * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• tupá poranění * patologie   MeSH
• vražda MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Solid particles, predominantly in micron and submicron sizes, have repeatedly been observed as a threat to a human health unique compared to the other textures of the same materials. In this work, the hypothesis the solid metal-based particles play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was investigated in patients who had not responded positively to medication. In the group of 40 randomly selected patients indicated for surgical mucotomy, the presence of solid micro- and submicron particles present in their nasal mucosa was assessed. For comparison, a set of 13 reference samples from patients without diagnosed chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was evaluated. The analysis was performed using Raman microspectroscopy. The advantage of this method is the direct identification of compounds. The main detected compounds in the mucosa samples of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis were TiO2, carbon-based compounds, CaCO3, Ca(Fe, Mg, Mn)(CO3)2 MgCO3, Fe2O3, BaSO4, FeCO3 and compounds of Al and Si, all of which may pose a health risk to a living organism. In the reference samples, only TiO2 and amorphous carbon were found. In the control group mucosa, a significantly lower presence of most of the assessed compounds was found despite the longer time they had to accumulate them due to their higher mean age. Identification and characterisation of such chemicals compounds in a living organism could contribute to the overall picture of the health of the individual and lead to a better understanding of the possible causes not only in the chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, but also in other mucosal and idiopathic diseases.

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• endoskopie MeSH
• hypertrofie etiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nosní sliznice patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rinitida etiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH

Traumatic dislocation of the eye is usually encountered in high-energy injuries. These include traffic accidents, accidents at work, sporting accidents, falling from a height, impact of the hooves or horns of animals, gunshot injuries, and physical assault. Such incidents are accompanied by facial soft tissue damage and injuries to the facial skeleton, especially the orbit, and can be associated with varying degrees of dislocation of the eye. We describe a rare case of non-fatal traumatic eye dislocation into the maxillary sinus, coupled with an orbital fracture resulting from a physical assault on a 63-year-old woman. The cause of death was asphyxiation due to manual strangulation and mechanical asphyxia. Even though dislocations of the eye are relatively rare, forensic pathologists should be aware of such injuries to correct assessment of injury mechanism. The available literature regarding eye dislocation is summarized, and the forensic issues applicable to the assessment of such cases are reviewed.

• Klíčová slova
• autopsy, eye dislocation, facial trauma, forensic pathology, orbital trauma, retinal bleeding,
• MeSH
• asfyxie etiologie   MeSH
• dislokovaná fraktura etiologie   MeSH
• fraktury očnice etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění krku komplikace   MeSH
• poranění oka komplikace   MeSH
• prolaps * MeSH
• sinus maxillaris * MeSH
• vražda * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH