The biomass productivity of the energy willow Salix viminalis as a short-rotation woody crop depends on organ structure and functions that are under the control of genome size. Colchicine treatment of axillary buds resulted in a set of autotetraploid S. viminalis var. Energo genotypes (polyploid Energo [PP-E]; 2n = 4x = 76) with variation in the green pixel-based shoot surface area. In cases where increased shoot biomass was observed, it was primarily derived from larger leaf size and wider stem diameter. Autotetraploidy slowed primary growth and increased shoot diameter (a parameter of secondary growth). The duplicated genome size enlarged bark and wood layers in twigs sampled in the field. The PP-E plants developed wider leaves with thicker midrib and enlarged palisade parenchyma cells. Autotetraploid leaves contained significantly increased amounts of active gibberellins, cytokinins, salicylic acid, and jasmonate compared with diploid individuals. Greater net photosynthetic CO2 uptake was detected in leaves of PP-E plants with increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Improved photosynthetic functions in tetraploids were also shown by more efficient electron transport rates of photosystems I and II. Autotetraploidization increased the biomass of the root system of PP-E plants relative to diploids. Sections of tetraploid roots showed thickening with enlarged cortex cells. Elevated amounts of indole acetic acid, active cytokinins, active gibberellin, and salicylic acid were detected in the root tips of these plants. The presented variation in traits of tetraploid willow genotypes provides a basis to use autopolyploidization as a chromosome engineering technique to alter the organ development of energy plants in order to improve biomass productivity.

• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• chromozomy rostlin genetika   MeSH
• diploidie MeSH
• dřevo genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• duplikace chromozomů MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fotosyntéza genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• genom rostlinný genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• karotenoidy metabolismus   MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• kořeny rostlin genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• kůra rostlin genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• listy rostlin genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• Salix genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• stonky rostlin genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• tetraploidie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl MeSH
• karotenoidy MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH