INTRODUCTION: Virus of hepatitis C (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and cancer, and the most common indication for liver transplantation. In industrialised countries, injecting drug use is currently the most important risk factor for infection with hepatitis C, resulting in high prevalence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users (IDUs). The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of HCV infection and distribution of genotypes among IDUs in the years 2004-2008. PROBANDS AND METHODS: A total number of 846 probands, both sexes (590 males and 256 females) with mean age from 24 to 29 years were investigated in the years 2004-2008. Standard virological tests were performed. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of anti-HCV positivity during the years 2004-2008 were in range 34-78% and positivity of HCV RNA assessed by PCR method were in range 17-71%. The genotypes distribution was in favour of genotype 3. CONCLUSIONS: In Slovakia IDUs represent risk group with high prevalence of hepatitis C. These results are comparable to those published in other European countries.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Hepacivirus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hepatitida C epidemiologie přenos MeSH
- intravenózní abúzus drog komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- protilátky virové krev MeSH
- RNA virová krev MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protilátky virové MeSH
- RNA virová MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The most risk group with high rate of infection of viral hepatitis C represents the former drug abusers (IDUs). OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the clinical study were to assess the sustained virological response (SVR) in the group of former IDUs with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treated with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 293 previously untreated (naive) former IDUs with CHC who have started treatment, we assessed 239 (69 women, 170 men) with an average age of 27 years who completed treatment and received a follow-up examination after 24 weeks. Prior to therapy abstinence to drug abuse 6 and more months has been required. The CHC has been diagnostics by the standard virological diagnostic tests, increased activity of aminotranferases (ALT) and histology of liver biopsy. Patients were treated with combined immunomodulatory therapy in the standard duration and standard regimen. SVR was considered if qualitative test HCV RNA was negative 24 weeks after the completion of the treatment. RESULTS: End-of-treatment virological response was in 224/94 % patients. Overall SVR rate was 95 %, 227 subjects had negative HCV RNA and only 12 patients no response. During treatment there was a statistically significant decrease in ALT. Treatment was accompanied by the expected side effects. CONCLUSION: Young age, short duration of HCV infection, high prevalence of genotype 3 and low grade of liver fibrosis in majority of patients and good adherence of patients to treatment were crucial predictive factors resulting in high SVR.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C komplikace farmakoterapie virologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Hepacivirus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- imunologické faktory terapeutické užití MeSH
- interferon alfa aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- intravenózní abúzus drog komplikace MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- protilátky virové krev MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- ribavirin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- RNA virová analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antivirové látky MeSH
- imunologické faktory MeSH
- interferon alfa MeSH
- peginterferon alfa-2a MeSH Prohlížeč
- polyethylenglykoly MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
- ribavirin MeSH
- RNA virová MeSH
BACKGROUND: Clinical experience reveals a weight increase among patients with opiate dependence after their admission to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The objective of the present study was to find out whether there was a significant weight increase among MMT patients, and if so, to what extent this change in weight differed from the existing statistical norm of the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: The sample consisted of 274 MMT patients of the CPLDZ Bratislava with the average age of 26.3 years, 69% were males. Only those patients were included into the study that had stayed in MMT for at least one year. Two main comparisons of their body mass index (BMI) were done: 1. at entry into MMT, and one year after entry; 2. a comparison of BMI one year after treatment entry with BMI of the general Slovak population. Underweight was present in 10% of the patients entering MMT, 72% had BMI within a normal range, 15% were overweight, and 3% were obese. A significant shift towards higher BMI categories was reported one year after treatment entry: 5%, 58%, 29% and 8%, respectively (p < 0.001), which is still significantly lower than in the general population: 4%, 49%, 34% a 13% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that weight increase in MMT patients should not be considered a direct side-effect, because it is not possible to differentiate between a drug effect and changed behavioural eating stereotypes that could be identical to those in the general population.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmotnostní přírůstek * MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methadon terapeutické užití MeSH
- narkotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů rehabilitace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- methadon MeSH
- narkotika MeSH
In order to comprehend the wide determinateness of mental disorders psychiatry increasingly turns to findings assembled in other sciences. The importance of ethnography for contemporary psychiatric practice is demonstrated by the author using it for diagnosis when encountering the phenomenon of faith into reversion of the dead. The author investigated the widespread faith associated with animistic forms of thought, known already in the remote past, in a group of 50 probands from a traditional gypsy ethnic group. Of those 13 (26%) did not believe in the possible return of the dead to the living; 9 (18%) were not certain and 28 (56%) believed in the return of the dead. Twenty-five (50%) experienced an encounter with a gnost. The investigation which served only orientation is used by the author as one of the arguments drawing attention to the importance of becoming familiar with subcultural faith, as the psychiatrist can use it for further psychopathological reflections.
- MeSH
- bludy diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- folklór MeSH
- kultura * MeSH
- kulturní charakteristiky * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magie psychologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- postoj ke smrti * MeSH
- Romové psychologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy epidemiologie etnologie MeSH
- etnicita * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Romové * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- MeSH
- antidepresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- enuréza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxadiazoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- sydnony terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antidepresiva MeSH
- oxadiazoly MeSH
- sidnocarb MeSH Prohlížeč
- sydnony MeSH
