BACKGROUND: Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. Among them, the most aggressive and, despite advances in medicine, still incurable remains glioblastoma. One of the reasons is the high recurrence rate of the disease and resistance to temozolomide, a golden standard in chemotherapy of brain tumors. Therefore, mapping the pathways responsible for tumorigenesis at the transcriptional level may help to determine the causes and aggressive behavior among different glial tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Biopsies from patients with astrocytoma (N = 6), glioblastoma (N = 22), and meningioma (N = 14) were included in the sample set. A control group consisted of RNA isolated from healthy human brain (N = 3). The reverse-transcribed cDNAs were analyzed using the Human Cancer PathwayFinder™ real-time PCR Array in a 96-well format. The expression of 84 genes belonging to 9 signaling pathways (angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle and senescence, DNA damage and repair, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, overall metabolism, and telomere dynamics) was determined for each sample. RESULTS: By determining the relative expression of selected genes, we characterized the transcriptomic profile of individual brain malignancies in the context of signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis. We observed deregulation in 50, 52.4 and 53.6% % of the genes in glioblastomas, meningiomas and astrocytomas, respectively. The most pronounced changes with statistical significance compared to control were observed in the genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (CDH2, FOXC2, GSC, SNAI2, and SOX10), cellular senescence (BMI1, ETS2, MAP2K1, and SOD1), DNA repair (DDB2, ERCC3, GADD45G, and LIG4), and dynamic of telomeres (TEP1, TERF2IP, TNKS, and TNKS2). CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that individual diagnoses differ in transcriptomic profile. An individual molecular approach is therefore necessary in order to provide comprehensive and targeted therapy on multiple metabolic pathways in the diagnosis of brain tumors.

• Klíčová slova
• brain tumors, mRNA, profiling of tumorigenesis pathways,
• MeSH
• astrocytom * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• glioblastom * genetika   MeSH
• karcinogeneze MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek MeSH
• nádorová transformace buněk MeSH
• nádory mozku * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• tankyrasy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• tankyrasy * MeSH
• TNKS2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

INTRODUCTION: Purpose of the study is to evaluate a possible influence of subdural drainage duration and burr hole quantity on a relapse of a unilateral chronic subdural haematoma (CHSH). METHODS: Sixty - five patients who underwent evacuation of unilateral CHSH via 1 or 2 burr holes and subdural drainage during a period from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Duration of the subdural drainage and the number of burr holes used were assessed in relation to an incidence of CHSH recurrence. According to the subdural drainage duration, we divided the patient cohort into two subgroups: with the subdural drainage duration of 1-3 days and 4-5 days. We also evaluated a possible influence of the subdural drainage duration on risk of postoperative infection. RESULTS: An overall incidence of CHSH recurrence was 18.5%. In 45 patients treated by means of a single burr hole the haematoma recurrence was observed in 10 patients (22.2%), in 22 patients with two burr holes recurrence occurred in 2 of them (9.1%). The difference was however, not statistically significant (p=0.3214). We did not observe any significant influence of age, gender and subdural drainage duration on the incidence of CHSH recurrence. The duration of subdural drainage had not significant impact on postoperative infection rate (p=0.0950). CONCLUSION: The number of burr holes used does not affect the rate of unilateral CHSH recurrence. Similarly the duration of subdural drainage affects neither the unilateral CHSH recurrence rate nor the incidence of postoperative infection.

• Klíčová slova
• burr hole, chronic subdural haematoma, postoperative infection, recurrence, risk factors, subdural drainage,
• MeSH
• chronický subdurální hematom chirurgie   MeSH
• drenáž MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• trepanace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Dysphagia is a common finding after anterior cervical discectomy. The incidence and severity of swallowing disorders are variable and depend on many factors. METHODS: 73 patients after 1- or 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion /ACDF/ were enrolled in prospective, single-center study. The severity of dysphagia was evaluated by the Bazaz-Yoo dysphagia score before surgery and 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The impact of factors such as sex, age, number of operated segments, smoking, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, duration of surgery and pre-existing dysphagia on the incidence of dysphagia after surgery was verified. The correlation between the duration of surgery and severity of postoperative dysphagia, and similarly between the age and severity of preoperative and postoperative dysphagia was studied. RESULTS: Dysphagia was present in 22% patients within 12 months after surgery. No patient reported severe dysphagia. No significant relationship was demonstrated between sex, age, number of operated segments, pre-existing dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension and the incidence of dysphagia after surgery. Smokers showed a significantly lower incidence of dysphagia before surgery and within 12 months after ACDF (p.

• Klíčová slova
• anterior cervical discectomy, dysphagia, risk factors,
• MeSH
• diskektomie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fúze páteře * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• krční obratle * chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• poruchy polykání * etiologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Degenerative lumbar spine disease is nowadays considered as a serious health condition, because the number of patients requiring a surgical intervention is in last decades rapidly increasing. At the time of surgery indication, it is important to assess the risk of complications incidence, especially surgical ones, because when they occur, they usually lead to reoperation, prolonged hospitalisation and drug use, economic consequences and a compromised postoperative outcome and benefits. Postoperative infectious complications may occur, even after following aseptic and hygienic epidemiological rules. This article contains an interdisciplinary review of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of postoperative surgical site infections after degenerative lumbar spine surgery. Key words: postoperative complications lumbar spine surgical treatmens - spondylodiscitis.

• Klíčová slova
• postoperative complications lumbar spine surgical treatmens - spondylodiscitis,
• MeSH
• bederní obratle MeSH
• fúze páteře * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• infekce chirurgické rány * diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ortopedické výkony * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• reoperace MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The preoperative assessment of structural and functional changes in renal tumors using contrast-enhanced pulse inversion harmonic imaging (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All consecutive patients referred to two tertiary hospitals for surgery on suspicion of a malignant renal lesion, who had been examined under the predefined study protocol using CEUS and CECT, were prospectively included in the study. All renal lesions suspected of being malignant were subjected to histopathological examination. Lesions expected to be benign were followed up according to the study protocol. The accuracy of CEUS and CECT with the final histology or follow-up results and the statistically significant difference between the two imaging techniques was calculated. RESULTS: Over a period of 3 years (2008-2011), 68 of 93 patients examined met the study criteria. The prevalence of malignant tumors in the study was 72%. Fifty four (79%) patients underwent surgery and had a histologically confirmed renal tumor (clear cell carcinoma 45, urothelial papillocarcinoma 4, angiomyolipoma 1, oncytoma 3, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis 1) and 14 (21%) patients underwent regular follow-up. Specificity, sensitivity and area under the curve (AUC) reached 57.9%, 98% and 0.779 for CEUS and 52.6%, 98% and 0.753 for CECT. CONCLUSION: The results show that both imaging methods can reliably rule out malignant disease due to absence of enhancement. Taking into consideration that CEUS can be carried out without severe risk or discomfort, it is time to reconsider CEUS as the method of choice for diagnosis, while CECT should be reserved for staging.

• Klíčová slova
• Computed tomography, Contrast-enhanced ultrasound, Harmonic imaging, Renal tumor, Ultrasound,
• MeSH
• kontrastní látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• ledviny diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ledvin diagnóza   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody   MeSH
• předoperační období MeSH
• předoperační péče MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kontrastní látky MeSH

The celiac disease is traditionally viewed as the children's disease with a typical form accompanied mainly by intestinal symptoms and malabsorption. This opinion is still generally accepted by the medical community. Findings based on the area-wide screening show that the prevalence has risen from the original 1 : 1 000-1 500 to 1 : 70-550. The average prevalence in the western countries is nearly 1 : 100. The prevalence of the celiac disease in the Czech republic is estimated to be approximately 1 : 200-250. It means that the number of people in the Czech republic who are likely to be affected is about 40,000-50,000 people. Currently only 10-15% of the total number of the ill people are diagnosed and monitored. Adult patients represent the main diagnostic problem because their clinical pictures are individual and the main symptoms are atypical (nonenteral). These are anaemia (mainly sideropnic), early/premature osteoporosis, herpetiformic (Duhring) dermatitis, polyneurititis, ataxia, depression, behavioural disorders, menstrual cycle disorders and infertility. Therefore our attention is currently focused on the screening of these groups of subjects. The purpose of our study was to check the frequency of the celiac disease with patients with diagnosed osteoporosis and osteopenia. In our study we have confirmed the assumption that the prevalence ofthe celiac disease in the group of subjects was 1 : 50, which means that 2.2% of patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia are affected by celiac sprue and therefore screening examination of these patients with the subsequent causal treatment (gluten-free diet) is recommended.

• MeSH
• celiakie komplikace   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci kostí komplikace   MeSH
• osteoporóza komplikace   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH