BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and subsequent COVID-19 has spread world-wide and become pandemic with about 7 million deaths reported so far. Interethnic variability of the disease has been described, but a significant part of the differences remain unexplained and may be attributable to genetic factors. AIM: To analyse genetic factors potentially influencing COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in European Roma minority. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two genetic determinants, within OAS-1 (2-prime,5-prime-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, a key protein in the defence against viral infection; it activates RNases that degrade viral RNAs; rs4767027 has been analysed) and LZTFL1 (leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1, expressed in the lung respiratory epithelium; rs35044562 has been analysed) genes were screened in a population-sample of Czech Roma (N = 302) and majority population (N = 2,559). RESULTS: For both polymorphisms, Roma subjects were more likely carriers of at least one risky allele for both rs4767027-C (p < 0.001) and rs35044562-G (p < 0.00001) polymorphism. There were only 5.3% Roma subjects without at least one risky allele in comparison with 10.1% in the majority population (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that different genetic background plays an important role in increased prevalence of COVID-19 in the Roma minority.
- Klíčová slova
- COVID-19, Roma, ethnicity, polymorphism,
- MeSH
- 2',5'-oligoadenylátsynthetasa genetika MeSH
- COVID-19 * genetika epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- neandertálci * genetika MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Romové * genetika MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transkripční faktory genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Stroke is a disease whose consequences have a considerable impact on the quality of the patient's life. It is a widespread disease that has a disabling impact on life and, in addition to physical changes, brings about a number of psychological and cognitive processes. GOAL: The goal of the study was to identify and describe the quality of life of post-stroke patients. METHODOLOGY: The study design was quantitative. A questionnaire of the authors' own design and the SF-36 questionnaire were used to obtain the data. RESULTS: Significant differences in patient quality of life were identified in relation to patient gender. Moreover, the quality of life in all individual SF-36 dimensions, except for mental health, deteriorated with age. With regard to occupational placement, employed respondents gave the highest evaluation of quality of life according to SF-36 and old-age pensioners the lowest. The analysis shows that quality of life in individual dimensions is positively influenced by respondents' higher education. The evaluation in individual dimensions improves with the time that has passed since the stroke. CONCLUSION: The quality of life of post-stroke patients deteriorates with age. The deteriorating level of patient quality of life in older age requires programmes that include assessments and interventions that lead to the treatment of these patients.
UVOD: Možganska kap je bolezen, katere posledice pomembno vplivajo na kakovost življenja bolnikov. Gre za eno najbolj razširjenih bolezni, ki lahko vodi v stanje invalidnosti. Pri tem ne gre le za telesne, ampak tudi za številne spremembe v psiholoških in kognitivnih procesih. CILJ: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti in opisati kakovost življenja bolnikov po možganski kapi. METODOLOGIJA: Za pridobivanje podatkov sta bila uporabljena vprašalnik, ki smo ga sestavili sami, in vprašalnik SF-36. REZULTATI: Višja ko je starost bolnika po možganski kapi, slabša je raven kakovosti življenja v vseh dimenzijah lestvice SF-36 z izjemo duševnega zdravja. Glede na poklicni status zaposleni najbolje ocenjujejo kakovost življenja v dimenzijah SF-36, najslabše pa upokojenci. Analiza je pokazala, da je kakovost življenja v vsaki dimenziji tem boljša, čim višja je izobrazba bolnikov z možgansko kapjo. Daljši ko je čas, ki je pretekel od kapi, boljši so rezultati v vsaki dimenziji. ZAKLJUČEK: Poslabšanje kakovosti življenja starejših bolnikov po možganski kapi potrjuje potrebo po programih, ki vključujejo oceno in intervencije za njihovo zdravljenje.
- Klíčová slova
- nurses, patient, psychological problems, quality of life, stroke,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The main goal of the study was to find out the general public's awareness of stroke, the relations between the awareness of stroke and socio-demographic factors, and awareness of stroke and experience of stroke. METHODS: The combination of a non-standardized questionnaire on the stroke prevention and a standardized questionnaire on the identification of the general health literacy (HLSQ-16) was used. The sample was chosen using a quota choice. The sample structure corresponded with the composition of the Czech population with regard to regions, sex and age. These features were determined as representative. The sample consisted of 1,004 respondents. RESULTS: The general awareness of stroke is high in the Czech Republic. Most of the respondents (97.2%) stated that they had ever heard of stroke. This basic awareness is influenced by the sex and marital status of the respondents. Almost one half (42.2%) of the general public would welcome more information on stroke. Women showed significantly higher interest in the information than men. Significantly higher interest could be seen in elderly respondents while younger respondents said significantly more frequently that they were not interested in the information. Married respondents showed a significantly higher degree of awareness. Rural respondents expressed higher interest in the information. The interest in the information dropped with higher education. The interest was significantly influenced by the respondents' sex, place of residence, marital status, and education. Almost 1/4 (24.3%) of respondents mentioned stroke incidence in their families. Our study proved that this incidence significantly varied in dependence on the respondents' sex, age, marital status and education. Further questions were focused on the sources of information on stroke. The most important sources include internet, which was named by nearly one half (48.6%) of respondents, and it was found that women could use the sources of information more frequently than men. Women used all sources of information on stroke (internet, television, families, GPs) more than men. CONCLUSION: The Czech respondents' interest in stroke is significantly influenced by their sex, age, place of residence, marital status, and the respondents' education. The findings play a role in the focus on preventive activities in this area. It is necessary to implement the general public education not only in general practitioners' offices but also in mass media in order to improve the awareness of stroke.
- Klíčová slova
- awareness, multidisciplinary cooperation, population education, prevention, stroke,
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
- zdravotní gramotnost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death around the world, with highest prevalence reported in minority Roma/Gypsy populations living in developed countries. Whether these differences are caused by unhealthy lifestyles or genetic factors remain unknown. The aim of our study was to examine the genotype frequencies of the rs10757274 polymorphism in the 9p.21 locus within ANRIL (antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus), a long non-coding RNA located in the vicinity of the CDKN2A/2B inhibitors loci. ANRIL is understood to be the strongest genetic determinant of CVD in Caucasians. Using PCR-RFLP, we analysed the ANRIL rs10757274 polymorphism in 298 non-Roma (50% male) and 302 Roma/Gypsy (50% male) adult (39.5 ± 15.1 years and 39.2 ± 12.8 years, respectively) subjects. We found that frequencies of the ANRIL GG, GA and AA genotypes were 20.1%, 52.4% and 27.5% in the majority population and 32.9%, 47.9% and 19.2% in Roma/Gypsy subjects, respectively. The distribution of genotypes was deemed significantly different at P < 0.001. Within the Roma/Gypsy population, we detected increased prevalence of the CVD-associated GG genotype. Increased prevalence of CVD among Roma/Gypsies subjects may be significantly linked to genetic background.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Physical handling (PH) of patients is an essential component of nursing care. It is an intervention that is troublesome for patients and strenuous for general nurses and other nursing staff. Handling techniques and mechanical aids for PH have improved through the years; however, they are not routinely used in nursing practice. AIM: The aim of this research was to determine (1) the level of awareness of PH issues within the management of South Bohemian hospitals, (2) how management perceives, organizes and implements PH protocols, and (3) how PH protocols are applied in everyday nursing practice. Method and Research Sample: Two qualitative methods were used: a semi-structured interview and observation. The participants were management representatives of South Bohemian hospitals in Czech Republic. Fifty nurses were observed during PH at the same hospitals. RESULTS: The study found that PH was not monitored, nor was it provided systematically. In spite of this, no serious drawbacks were found; nonetheless, many areas were identified where the quality of PH could be improved. For example, awareness of PH issues by management, educational programs teaching new handling techniques, and provision of state-of-the-art PH aids. Several issues related to PH were found to be related to staff shortages, which remains a major problem. CONCLUSION: This issue needs more attention; it should be addressed by both those doing nursing research as well as those engaged in everyday nursing practice. Both will require the assistance of hospital staff and management.
- Klíčová slova
- management, nursing staff, patient, physical handling, quality, safety,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The Czech governmental study suggests up to a 25% higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Roma population than within the majority population. It is not known whether and to what extent these differences have a genetic background. METHODS: To analyze whether the frequencies of the alleles/genotypes of the FTO, TCF7L2, CDKN2A/2B, MAEA, TLE4, IGF2BP2, ARAP1, and KCNJ11 genes differ between the two major ethnic groups in the Czech Republic, we examined them in DNA samples from 302 Roma individuals and 298 Czech individuals. RESULTS: Compared to the majority population, Roma are more likely to carry risk alleles in the FTO (26% vs. 16% GG homozygotes, p < .01), IGF2BP2 (22% vs. 10% TT homozygotes, p < .0001), ARAP1 (98% vs. 95% of A allele carriers, p < .005), and CDKN2A/2B (81% vs. 66% of TT homozygotes, p < .001) genes; however, less frequently they are carriers of the TCF7L2 risk allele (34% vs. 48% of the T allele p < .0005). Finally, we found significant accumulation of T2DM-associated alleles between the Roma population in comparison with the majority population (25.4% vs. 15.2% of the carriers of at least 12 risk alleles; p < .0001). CONCLUSION: The increased prevalence of T2DM in the Roma population may have a background in different frequencies of the risk alleles of genes associated with T2DM development.
- Klíčová slova
- Czech population, Roma population, T2DM, gene score, polymorphism,
- MeSH
- adipozita MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev etnologie genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- frekvence genu * MeSH
- genetické lokusy * MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- Romové genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cholesterol MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
Objectives Cytochromes P450 play a role in human drugs metabolic pathways and their genes are among the most variable in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze genotype frequencies of five common polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 in Roma/Gypsy and Czech (non-Roma) population samples with Czech origin. Methods Roma/Gypsy (n=302) and Czech subjects (n=298) were genotyped for CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP2A6 (rs4105144), CYP2B6 (rs3745274) and CYP2D6 (rs3892097; rs1065852) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP or Taqman assay. Results We found significant allelic/genotype differences between ethnics in three genes. For rs3745274 polymorphism, there was increased frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (53.1 vs. 43.7%; p=0.02). For rs4105144 (CYP2A6) there was higher frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (68.7 vs. 49.8%; p<0.0001). For rs3892097 (CYP2D6) there was more carriers of the A allele between Roma in comparison with Czech population (39.2 vs. 38.2%; p=0.048). Genotype/allelic frequencies of CYP2D6 (rs1065852) and CYP1A2 (rs762551) variants did not significantly differ between the ethnics. Conclusions There were significant differences in allelic/genotype frequencies of some, but not all cytochromes P450 polymorphisms between the Czech Roma/Gypsies and Czech non-Roma subjects.
- Klíčová slova
- Czech majority, Roma/Gypsy, cytochromes P450, polymorphism,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Objectives Cytochromes P450 play a role in human drugs metabolic pathways and their genes are among the most variable in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze genotype frequencies of five common polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 in Roma/Gypsy and Czech (non-Roma) population samples with Czech origin. Methods Roma/Gypsy (n=302) and Czech subjects (n=298) were genotyped for CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP2A6 (rs4105144), CYP2B6 (rs3745274) and CYP2D6 (rs3892097; rs1065852) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP or Taqman assay. Results We found significant allelic/genotype differences between ethnics in three genes. For rs3745274 polymorphism, there was increased frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (53.1 vs. 43.7%; p=0.02). For rs4105144 (CYP2A6) there was higher frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (68.7 vs. 49.8%; p<0.0001). For rs3892097 (CYP2D6) there was more carriers of the A allele between Roma in comparison with Czech population (39.2 vs. 38.2%; p=0.048). Genotype/allelic frequencies of CYP2D6 (rs1065852) and CYP1A2 (rs762551) variants did not significantly differ between the ethnics. Conclusions There were significant differences in allelic/genotype frequencies of some, but not all cytochromes P450 polymorphisms between the Czech Roma/Gypsies and Czech non-Roma subjects.
- Klíčová slova
- Czech majority, Roma/Gypsy, cytochromes P450, polymorphism,
- MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A2 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP2D6 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2A6 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2B6 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- CYP1A2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- CYP2A6 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- CYP2B6 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A2 MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP2D6 MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2A6 MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2B6 MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The mental, physical and social stress and pressure of present day influences the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Studies suggest that some psycho-social factors significantly increase the risk of CVD. But they are not paid the necessary attention. The goal of the study consisted in ascertaining how citizens assess their own mental health, how they perceive the influence of stress on CVD, how physicians and nurses work with them in the area of stress and how efficient their activity is. Research set and methods: The data ware collected via a non-standardized questionnaire leaded with face-to-face controlled interviews face-to-face. The analysis was carried out by the SASD 1.4 program with 1st degree and 2nd degree sorting. The goodness-of-fit χ2 was applied. The independence test at the level of significance α = 0.05, α = 0.01, α = 0.001 was calculated. We approached 2 306 randomly chosen citizens by quota selection. 314 citizens (13.6 %) refused the participation. The set consisted of 1 992 citizens (86.4 %) aged from 40 to 80 and more years, including 937 (47 %) men and 1055 (53 %) women. The relation of selected sociometric parameters was observed. RESULTS: The citizens aged 40 and more years assess their mental status as good (85 %), at the scale from 6 to 10, (1 the worst, 10 the best mental status). With increasing age, the mental status is assessed as worse at a significantly higher degree (p < 0.001). The mental status is assessed worse as the physical condition, with values 9 and 10. Out of the total number of the citizens approached, 87.9 % agree that stress influences the origination of CVD. Citizens from lower age groups (40-59 years) tend to think it (p.
- Klíčová slova
- cardiovascular disease, education, mental health, prevention, stress,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kardiologie * MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * prevence a kontrola psychologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychický stres * MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases constitute one of the main causes of disability and premature death. The basic pathology consists of atherosclerosis. Therefore, influencing risk factors, including nutrition, is essential for prevention. AIM: To assess the opinion of Czech citizens, over 40 years old, on the role of nutrition as it relates to risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: Data from 1992 participants were acquired using a research questionnaire administered throughout the Czech Republic from 1.4.2016-20.4.2016. The data was analyzed using the SASD program, version 1.4.12. RESULTS: Data analyses revealed that the age group in question still includes a great number of people who are unaware of the relationship between nutrition and development (31.8%) or progression (18.0%) of heart diseases. Rejection of the relationship was most frequently expressed by those 40-49 years of age and those that were employed. The study also found that the role of nutrition modification was more frequently discussed between patients and physicians (54.7%) than patients and nurses (38.0%). An overwhelming majority of respondents considered information related to nutrition modification useful (93.0%). CONCLUSION: In order to increase the efficiency of preventive measures, the transfer of theoretical knowledge to the lay public must be accompanied by interventions aimed at information repetition, motivation, and establishment of partnerships with health care providers.
- Klíčová slova
- Cardiovascular diseases, Nurse, Nutrition habits, Prevention, Risk factor,
- MeSH
- chování snižující riziko * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza enzymologie patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční hodnota MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- ochranné faktory MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zdravá strava * MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
