BACKGROUND: Alkylphenols are water contaminants of strong endocrine disruptive potential. Sample preparation is generally imperative to improve sensitivity and minimize matrix effects. Dispersive solid phase extraction is a powerful alternative to cartridge-based sorbent extraction omitting backpressure problems and reducing procedural time. Herein, solvent-dissolvable sorbents offer the advantages of easy and cost-efficient production, efficiency, and full analyte recovery, while eluates can be directly submitted to instrumental determination. Despite the potential to reduce environmental impact and enhance reproducibility, there is a lack of automation attempts. RESULTS: A fully automated solvent-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction method was developed for selected alkylphenols based on the technique Lab-In-Syringe. The void of automatic bidirectional syringe pump was used as mixing and extraction vessel. The iron(III) thenoyltrifluoroacetonate complex was used as novel dissolvable sorbent. 40 μL complex solution was dispersed in the sample, leading to the precipitation of 0.4 mg sorbent. Extraction occurred within 40 s and was accelerated by in-syringe magnetic stirring. The sorbent was retained on a melamine foam packing in the syringe inlet, dissolved in a methanolic solution of ascorbic acid, and injected into online-coupled HPLC. Linear working ranges were achieved from 1 to 1000 μg/L with sub-ppb detection limits and accuracies ranging from 98.3 to 110 %. SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we explored for the first time automated in-syringe automated dispersive SPE based on a dissolvable sorbent. Parallel operation of sample pretreatment and separation enabled throughputs of 4.5/h with typically <5 % RSD and preconcentrations of 16.4-21.2. AGREE greenness evaluation yielded a score of 0.59.

• Klíčová slova
• Alkylphenols, High performance liquid chromatography, Iron(III) thenoyltrifluoroacetonate complex, Lab-in-syringe automation, Solvent-assisted dispersive solid phase Extraction,
• MeSH
• automatizace MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• fenoly * izolace a purifikace   analýza   chemie   MeSH
• injekční stříkačky * MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• mikroextrakce na pevné fázi * metody   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• fenoly * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH

Bacterial biofilms are complex multicellular communities that adhere firmly to solid surfaces. They are widely recognized as major threats to human health, contributing to issues such as persistent infections on medical implants and severe contamination in drinking water systems. As a potential treatment for biofilms, this work proposes two strategies: (i) light-driven ZnFe2O4 (ZFO)/Pt microrobots for photodegradation of biofilms and (ii) magnetically driven ZFO microrobots for mechanical removal of biofilms from surfaces. Magnetically driven ZFO microrobots were realized by synthesizing ZFO microspheres through a low-cost and large-scale hydrothermal synthesis, followed by a calcination process. Then, a Pt layer was deposited on the surface of the ZFO microspheres to break their symmetry, resulting in self-propelled light-driven Janus ZFO/Pt microrobots. Light-driven ZFO/Pt microrobots exhibited active locomotion under UV light irradiation and controllable motion in terms of "stop and go" features. Magnetically driven ZFO microrobots were capable of maneuvering precisely when subjected to an external rotating magnetic field. These microrobots could eliminate Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilms through photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related antibacterial properties in combination with their light-powered active locomotion, accelerating the mass transfer to remove biofilms more effectively in water. Moreover, the actuation of magnetically driven ZFO microrobots allowed for the physical disruption of biofilms, which represents a reliable alternative to photocatalysis for the removal of strongly anchored biofilms in confined spaces. With their versatile characteristics, the envisioned microrobots highlight a significant potential for biofilm removal with high efficacy in both open and confined spaces, such as the pipelines of industrial plants.

• Klíčová slova
• biofilm, collective motion, magnetically driven, micromotors, microrobots, photocatalysis,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• biofilmy * účinky záření   MeSH
• Escherichia coli * fyziologie   MeSH
• fotolýza účinky záření   MeSH
• mikrosféry MeSH
• platina chemie   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• robotika přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• zinek chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• platina MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH
• zinek MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This research aims to design and evaluate an enteric-coated hard capsule dosage form for targeted delivery of biological materials, such as FMT (fecal microbiota transplant) or live microbes, to the distal parts of the GIT. The capsules are designed to be internally protected against destruction by hydrophilic filling during passage through the digestive tract. METHODS: Hard gelatin capsules and DRcapsTMcapsules based on HPMC and gellan were used to encapsulate a hydrophilic body temperature-liquefying gelatin hydrogel with caffeine or insoluble iron oxide mixture. Different combinations of polymers were tested for the internal (ethylcellulose, Eudragit® E, and polyvinyl acetate) and external (Eudragit® S, Acryl-EZE®, and cellacefate) coating. The external protects against the acidic gastric environment, while the internal protects against the liquid hydrophilic filling during passage. Coated capsules were evaluated using standard disintegration and modified dissolution methods for delayed-release dosage forms. RESULTS: Combining suitable internal (ethylcellulose 1.0 %) and external (Eudragit® S 20.0 %) coating of DRcapsTM capsules with the wiping and immersion method achieved colonic release times. While most coated capsules met the pharmaceutical requirements for delayed release, one combination stood out. Colonic times were indicated by the dissolution of soluble caffeine (during 120-720 min) measured by the dissolution method, and capsule rupture was indicated by the release of insoluble iron oxide (after 480 min) measured by the disintegration method. This promising result demonstrates the composition's suitability and potential to protect the content until it's released, inspiring hope for the future of colon-targeted delivery systems and its potential for the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. CONCLUSION: Innovative and easy capsule coatings offer significant potential for targeted drugs, especially FMT water suspension, to the GIT, preferably the colon. The administration method is robust and not considerably affected by the quantity of internal or external coatings. It can be performed in regular laboratories without specialized individual and personalized treatment equipment, making it a practical and feasible method for drug delivery.

• Klíčová slova
• Capsules, Coating, Immersion method, Novel approach in delayed-release dosage form with potential benefits for individual treatment, Principal component analysis,
• MeSH
• bakteriální polysacharidy chemie   MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály chemie   MeSH
• celulosa * chemie   analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• deriváty hypromelózy chemie   MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce * MeSH
• hydrogely chemie   MeSH
• kofein chemie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kolon * metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny polymethakrylové chemie   MeSH
• léky s prodlouženým účinkem chemie   MeSH
• polymery chemie   MeSH
• polyvinyly chemie   MeSH
• systémy cílené aplikace léků * metody   MeSH
• tobolky * MeSH
• uvolňování léčiv * MeSH
• želatina * chemie   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální polysacharidy MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• celulosa * MeSH
• deriváty hypromelózy MeSH
• ethyl cellulose MeSH Prohlížeč
• ferric oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• gellan gum MeSH Prohlížeč
• hydrogely MeSH
• kofein MeSH
• kyseliny polymethakrylové MeSH
• léky s prodlouženým účinkem MeSH
• methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer MeSH Prohlížeč
• polymery MeSH
• polyvinyl acetate MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyvinyly MeSH
• tobolky * MeSH
• želatina * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH

An important issue in the context of both potenial toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) and their medical applications is tracking of the internalization process of these nanomaterials into living cells, as well as their localization and fate within them. The typical methods used for this purpose are transmission electron microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy as well as light-scattering techniques including dark-field microscopy and flow cytometry. All the techniques mentioned have their advantages and disadvantages. Among the problems it is necessary to mention complicated sample preparation, difficult interpretation of experimental data requiring qualified and experienced personnel, different behavior of fluorescently labeled IONP comparing to those label-free or finally the lack of possibility of chemical composition characteristics of nanomaterials. The purpose of the present investigation was the assessment of the usefulness of Raman microscopy for the tracking of the internalization of IONP into cells, as well as the optimization of this process. Moreover, the study focused on identification of the potential differences in the cellular fate of superparamagnetic nanoparticles having magnetite and maghemite core. The Raman spectra of U87MG cells which internalized IONP presented additional bands which position depended on the used laser wavelength. They occurred at the wavenumber range 1700-2400 cm-1 for laser 488 nm and below the wavenumber of 800 cm-1 in case of laser 532 nm. The intensity of the mentioned Raman bands was higher for the green laser (532 nm) and their position, was independent and not characteristic on the primary core material of IONP (magnetite, maghemite). The obtained results showed that Raman microscopy is an excellent, non-destructive and objective technique that allows monitoring the process of internalization of IONP into cells and visualizing such nanoparticles and/or their metabolism products within them at low exposure levels. What is more, the process of tracking IONP using the technique may be further improved by using appropriate wavelength and power of the laser source.

• Klíčová slova
• Internalization into cells, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Magnetite and maghemite core, Multivariate methods, Raman spectroscopy and imaging,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetické nanočástice oxidů železa * chemie   MeSH
• mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie * metody   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• železité sloučeniny MeSH

Nanoparticles are commonly used in diagnostics and therapy. They are also increasingly being implemented in cancer immunotherapy because of their ability to deliver drugs and modulate the immune system. However, the effect of nanoparticles on immune cells involved in the anti-tumor immune response is not well understood. The study reported here showed that nickel-doped maghemite nanoparticles (FN NP) are differentially cytotoxic to cultured mouse and human cancer cell lines, causing their death without negatively impacting the subsequent anticancer immune response. It also found that FN NP induced cell death in the mouse colorectal cancer cell line CT26 and human prostate cancer cell line PC-3, but not in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. The induced cancer cell death did not affect the phenotype and responsivity of the isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages, or ex vivo-generated mouse bone marrow-derived, or human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Additionally, the induced cancer cell death did not prevent the ex vivo-generated mouse or human dendritic cells from stimulating lymphocytes and enriching cell cultures with cancer cell-reactive T-cells. In conclusion, this study shows that FN NP could be a valuable platform for targeting cancer cells without causing immunosuppressive effects on the subsequent anticancer immune response.

• Klíčová slova
• Nanoparticles, T-cells, cancer cells, dendritic cells, immunogenic cell death, macrophages,
• MeSH
• buňky PC-3 MeSH
• dendritické buňky * imunologie   MeSH
• imunoterapie * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory prostaty imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• nádory imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• nikl * chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ferric oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• nikl * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known type of over-the-counter painkillers and is frequently found in surface waterbodies, causing hepatotoxicity and skin irritation. Due to its persistence and chronic effects on the environment, innovative solutions must be provided to decompose APAP, effectively. Innovative catalysts of tungsten-modified iron oxides (TF) were successfully developed via a combustion method and thoroughly characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, a porosimetry analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, VSM magnetometry, and EPR. With the synthesis method, tungsten was successfully incorporated into iron oxides to form ferrites and other magnetic iron oxides with a high porosity of 19.7 % and a large surface area of 29.5 m2/g. Also, their catalytic activities for APAP degradation by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were evaluated under various conditions. Under optimal conditions, TF 2.0 showed the highest APAP degradation of 95 % removal with a catalyst loading of 2.0 g/L, initial APAP concentration of 5 mg/L, PMS of 6.5 mM, and pH 2.15 at room temperature. No inhibition by solution pHs, alkalinity, and humic acid was observed for APAP degradation in this study. The catalysts also showed chemical and mechanical stability, achieving 100 % degradation of 1 mg/L APAP during reusability tests with three consecutive experiments. These results show that TFs can effectively degrade persistent contaminants of emerging concern in water, offering an impactful contribution to wastewater treatment to protect human health and the ecosystem.

• Klíčová slova
• Acetaminophen, Advanced oxidation processes, Micropollutants, Peroxymonosulfate, Tungsten-modified iron oxides,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie   MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• paracetamol * chemie   MeSH
• peroxidy chemie   MeSH
• wolfram * chemie   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• ferric oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• paracetamol * MeSH
• peroxidy MeSH
• peroxymonosulfate MeSH Prohlížeč
• wolfram * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * MeSH

To investigate the effect of stalk type on the metallization degrees in FeCl3-derived magnetic biochar (MBC), MBC was synthesized via an impregnation-pyrolysis method using six different stalks. The Fe0 content in MBC significantly influenced its magnetic properties and ostensibly governed its catalytic capabilities. Analysis of the interaction between stalks and FeCl3 revealed that the variation in metallization degrees, resulting from FeCl2 decomposition (6.1%) and stalk-mediated reduction (20.7%), was directly responsible for the observed differences in MBC metallization. The presence of oxygen-containing functional groups and fixed carbon appeared to promote metallization in MBC induced by reduction. A series of statistical analyses indicated that the cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content of the stalks were key factors contributing to differences in MBC metallization degrees. Further exploration revealed that hemicellulose and cellulose were more effective than lignin in enhancing metallization through FeCl2 decomposition and reduction. Constructing stalk models demonstrated that the variance in the content of these three biomass components across the six stalk types could lead to differences in the metallization degree attributable to reduction and FeCl2 decomposition, thereby affecting the overall metallization degree of MBC. A prediction model for MBC metallization degree was developed based on these findings. Moreover, the elevated Si content in some stalks facilitated the formation of Fe2(SiO4), which subsequently impeded the reduction process. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the informed selection of stalk feedstocks in the production of FeCl3-derived MBC.

• Klíčová slova
• Different stalk, FeCl(3)-Derived magnetic biochar, Metallization degree, Reduction reaction, TG-MS,
• MeSH
• celulosa chemie   MeSH
• chloridy * chemie   MeSH
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * chemie   MeSH
• lignin chemie   MeSH
• polysacharidy MeSH
• pyrolýza * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
• celulosa MeSH
• chloridy * MeSH
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
• ferric chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
• hemicellulose MeSH Prohlížeč
• lignin MeSH
• polysacharidy MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * MeSH

The pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus utilizes a cyclic ferrioxamine E (FOXE) siderophore to acquire iron from the host. Biomimetic FOXE analogues were labeled with gallium-68 for molecular imaging with PET. [68Ga]Ga(III)-FOXE analogues were internalized in A. fumigatus cells via Sit1. Uptake of [68Ga]Ga(III)-FOX 2-5, the most structurally alike analogue to FOXE, was high by both A. fumigatus and bacterial Staphylococcus aureus. However, altering the ring size provoked species-specific uptake between these two microbes: ring size shortening by one methylene unit (FOX 2-4) increased uptake by A. fumigatus compared to that by S. aureus, whereas lengthening the ring (FOX 2-6 and 3-5) had the opposite effect. These results were consistent both in vitro and in vivo, including PET imaging in infection models. Overall, this study provided valuable structural insights into the specificity of siderophore uptake and, for the first time, opened up ways for selective targeting and imaging of microbial pathogens by siderophore derivatization.

• MeSH
• Aspergillus fumigatus * metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• aspergilóza * diagnostické zobrazování   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• biomimetické materiály chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• cyklické peptidy MeSH
• deferoxamin chemie   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• myši MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie * metody   MeSH
• radioizotopy galia * chemie   MeSH
• siderofory * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * metabolismus   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cyklické peptidy MeSH
• deferoxamin MeSH
• ferrioxamine E MeSH Prohlížeč
• Gallium-68 MeSH Prohlížeč
• radioizotopy galia * MeSH
• siderofory * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH

Salinity stress significantly impacts crops, disrupting their water balance and nutrient uptake, reducing growth, yield, and overall plant health. High salinity in soil can adversely affect plants by disrupting their water balance. Excessive salt levels can lead to dehydration, hinder nutrient absorption, and damage plant cells, ultimately impairing growth and reducing crop yields. Gallic acid (GA) and zinc ferrite (ZnFNP) can effectively overcome this problem. GA can promote root growth, boost photosynthesis, and help plants absorb nutrients efficiently. However, their combined application as an amendment against drought still needs scientific justification. Zinc ferrite nanoparticles possess many beneficial properties for soil remediation and medical applications. That's why the current study used a combination of GA and ZnFNP as amendments to wheat. There were 4 treatments, i.e., 0, 10 µM GA, 15 μM GA, and 20 µM GA, without and with 5 μM ZnFNP applied in 4 replications following a completely randomized design. Results exhibited that 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control. Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP. Furthermore, improvement in N, P, and K concentration in grain and shoot verified the effective functioning of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP compared to control. In conclusion, 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP can potentially improve the growth, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes of wheat cultivated in salinity stress. More investigations are suggested to declare 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different cereal crops.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant, Chlorophyll content, Gallic acid, Growth attributes, Zinc ferrite nanoparticles,
• MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza účinky léků   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina gallová * metabolismus   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• pšenice * růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• solný stres * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * MeSH
• zinek metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl MeSH
• ferrite MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyselina gallová * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * MeSH
• zinek MeSH

The growing consumption of drugs of abuse together with the inefficiency of the current wastewater treatment plants toward their presence has resulted in an emergent class of pollutants. Thus, the development of alternative approaches to remediate this environmental threat is urgently needed. Microrobots, combining autonomous motion with great tunability for the development of specific tasks, have turned into promising candidates to take on the challenge. Here, hybrid urchin-like hematite (α-Fe2O3) microparticles carrying magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and surface functionalization with organic β-cyclodextrin (CD) molecules are prepared with the aim of on-the-fly encapsulation of illicit drugs into the linked CD cavities of moving microrobots. The resulting mag-CD microrobots are tested against methamphetamine (MA), proving their ability for the removal of this psychoactive substance. A dramatically enhanced capture of MA from water with active magnetically powered microrobots when compared with static passive CD-modified particles is demonstrated. This work shows the advantages of enhanced mass transfer provided by the externally controlled magnetic navigation in microrobots that together with the versatility of their design is an efficient strategy to clean polluted waters.

• Klíčová slova
• illicit drugs, iron oxides, magnetic actuation, water remediation,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• čištění vody metody   MeSH
• cyklodextriny * chemie   MeSH
• magnetismus MeSH
• methamfetamin * chemie   MeSH
• robotika MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• cyklodextriny * MeSH
• ferric oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• methamfetamin * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH