Infectious stomatitis represents the most common oral cavity ailments. Current therapy is insufficiently effective because of the short residence time of topical liquid or semisolid medical formulations. An innovative application form based on bioadhesive polymers featuring prolonged residence time on the oral mucosa may be a solution to this challenge. This formulation consists of a mucoadhesive oral film with incorporated nanocomposite biomaterial that is able to release the drug directly at the target area. This study describes the unique approach of preparing mucoadhesive oral films from carmellose with incorporating a nanotechnologically modified clay mineral intercalated with chlorhexidine. The multivariate data analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of the formulation and process variables on the properties of the medical preparation. This evaluation was complemented by testing the antimicrobial and antimycotic activity of prepared films with the aim of finding the most suitable composition for clinical application. Generally, the best results were obtained with sample containing 20 mg of chlorhexidine diacetate carried by vermiculite, with carmellose in the form of nonwoven textile in its structure. In addition to its promising physicomechanical, chemical, and mucoadhesive properties, the formulation inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus and Candida; the effect was prolonged for tens of hours.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• chitosan chemie   MeSH
• chlorhexidin aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• farmaceutická chemie MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanokompozity aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• polymery aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• stomatitida farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ústa účinky léků   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• chitosan MeSH
• chlorhexidin MeSH
• polymery MeSH
• sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy MeSH

Patients in various clinical states of diabetes mellitus (according to the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association) as a primary diagnosis were examined for fungal infections by Candida species. Candida spp. were detected in urine, in the material taken from the mouth cavity, nails, skin lesions, ears and eyes, by cultivation on the Sabouraud agar, CHROMagar Candida, and by saccharide assimilation. In the group of diabetics with symptoms of oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis C. albicans was identified in 8 cases, C. tropicalis in 3, C. parapsilosis in 2; 1 strain of C. guilliermondii was also isolated. In patients with urinary tract infections the presence of C. albicans was shown in 12 cases; C. parapsilosis was detected in 6 cases and two strains of each C. tropicalis and C. krusei were also isolated. In patients with leg ulcers C. albicans (25 cases), C. parapsilosis (5), C. tropicalis (3) and one strain of each C. krusei and C. robusta were isolated. Otomycosis was associated with one strain of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondii. C. albicans was most frequently associated with onychomycosis, paronychia and endophthalmitis; C. parapsilosis was the second most rated yeast.

• MeSH
• Candida klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus MeSH
• kandidóza kožní komplikace   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• kandidóza komplikace   diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• orální kandidóza komplikace   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Occurrence of Candida spp. was determined in a population of 60 infants, 1-15-month-old, with diaper dermatitis, admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Hospital Saca (Kosice, Slovakia). Specimens were obtained from the perianal, pubic, inguinal, or gluteal areas that showed signs of secondary infection as manifested by erythema, oozing, vesiculopustular lesions, and pus formation. The most frequently isolated species was C. albicans (41), followed by C. parapsilosis (8), C. tropicalis (4), C. pulcherrima (4), C. guilliermondii (2), and C. zeylanoides (1). Other organisms present in the mixed culture from the diaper area were Staphylococcus aureus (6), Escherichia coli (3), and 2 strains of each group B and D streptococci, and Proteus mirabilis. Infants diapered exclusively in disposable diapers showed less rash than those diapered exclusively or sometimes in cloth diapers.

• MeSH
• Candida izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kandidóza kožní mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plenková dermatitida mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• pleny dětské mikrobiologie   MeSH
• průjem kojenců mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The collection wild-type strain of Candida albicans was used to obtain auxotrophic and colony-morphology mutants by 'nitrosoguanidine' treatment. Intraspecific protoplast fusion induced by Ca(2+)-poly(ethyleneglycol) was carried out in various pairings between the auxotrophic strain producing smooth colonies and containing blastospores and the colony-morphology mutants containing a mixture of blastospores and pseudohyphae or only hyphae. Hybrids exhibiting full or partial complementation were obtained when mutants producing smooth colonies and colony-morphology variants of different origins were fused. The mutation responsible for the colony-morphology character (if various types of colony morphomutants were crossed) proved to be recessive or semidominant. Representative hybrids exhibited elevated DNA contents as measured by flow cytometry. To illustrate various cell types, and especially the intermediate one (never observed in natural isolates), a preparation method was further developed for scanning electron microscopic studies.

• MeSH
• Candida albicans genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• DNA fungální genetika   MeSH
• křížení genetické MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• methylnitronitrosoguanidin farmakologie   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly farmakologie   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• testy genetické komplementace MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA fungální MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• methylnitronitrosoguanidin MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly MeSH

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) was used for examination of 66 isolates belonging to 19 species. Intraspecies variability was found in the examined region of 11 species (Candida albicans, C. catenulata, C. colliculosa, C. glabrata, C. kefyr, C. melinii, C. parapsilosis, C. guillermondii, C. solanii, C. tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Region of ITS-5.8S rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The amplicons were digested by HaeIII, HinfI and CfoI. The recognized intraspecies variability was confirmed in the second step, in which the shorter fragments of this region were amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS2 and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Considerable intraspecific variability renders this method unsuitable for species identification, whereas it can be useful for epidemiological tracing of isolates.

• MeSH
• Candida klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• DNA fungální analýza   MeSH
• DNA primery * MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• geny rRNA MeSH
• houby klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA analýza   genetika   MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
• mykózy mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 5.8S analýza   genetika   MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA fungální MeSH
• DNA primery * MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 5.8S MeSH

In the last few years mycoses have been caused by fungi formerly considered to be harmless for humans. They cause diseases of plants and insects; some of them are also used in the industry. They are now usually called "emerging fungi". We investigated this flora with respect to their potential to cause infections in hospitals. These fungi are present in the air, on medical objects and instrumentation, in the respiratory tract and on the hands of hospital staff; other sources have been identified in the use of iatrogenic methods. Mycotic diseases, their risk factors, their clinical pictures, and spectra of agents were analyzed in 1990-2000; the results were compared with data in the literature. Transplantations were the most frequent risk factors, fungemia and abscess the most frequent clinical picture and filamentous fungi (genera Absidia, Acremonium, Alternaria, Apophysomyces, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladophialophora, Cunninghamella, Exserohilum, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Chrysosporium, Lecythophora, Ochroconis, Paecilomyces, Pythium, Rhizopus, Scedosporium, Scopulariopsis) were the most frequent agents of nosocomial infections. These filamentous fungi and also some yeasts (genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon) bring about different clinical syndromes in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.

• MeSH
• aspergilóza etiologie   MeSH
• imunokompromitovaný pacient MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kritický stav MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mykózy farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• oportunní infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• transplantace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The calcium hydroxide-based filling material Apexit, which is often used in endodontic practice, was evaluated for its antibacterial and antifungal effects against microorganisms isolated from oral cavity (Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas putida, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans). Two different quantitative techniques were employed--the direct-contact test was used to examine the efficacy of freshly mixed material while the broth-survival test was employed to check the antimicrobial properties of 5-d-old material. Apexit inhibited Gram-negative bacteria more effectively than Gram-positive ones but had none or a very weak inhibitory effect on C. albicans.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antiinfekční látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Candida albicans účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• hydroxid vápenatý farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Pseudomonas putida účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Serratia marcescens účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• terapie kořenového kanálku MeSH
• ústa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• výplňové materiály kořenových kanálků farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• Apexit MeSH Prohlížeč
• hydroxid vápenatý MeSH
• výplňové materiály kořenových kanálků MeSH