Large wastewater treatment plants have to deal not only with the influent wastewater, but also with the highly concentrated reject water coming from anaerobic digestion. The aim of this work was to verify the suitability of using encapsulated nitrifiers in polyvinyl alcohol carrier (so called Lentikats Biocatalyst) at temperatures between 5 and 30 °C. For laboratory nitrification batch tests synthetic wastewater with ammonia nitrogen (Namon) concentration 10-800 mg L(-1) was used. The system has been proved to operate at the temperature of 10 °C, but not at 5 °C. It was found that the highest specific nitrification rates were observed at 30 °C and with ammonia nitrogen concentrations above 250 mg L(-1), which means that separate treatment of reject water by using encapsulated biomass seems to be an effective tool for wastewater treatment plant optimization.

• MeSH
• amoniak metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny analýza   MeSH
• čištění vody * MeSH
• nitrifikace * MeSH
• Nitrobacter metabolismus   MeSH
• Nitrosomonas europaea metabolismus   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amoniak MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH

A soil not naturally containing montmorillonite (M) was amended with approximately 5, 10 or 20% M or kaolinite (K), maintained in a greenhouse under periodic cultivating and alternate wetting and drying of more than two years, and then used in perfusion studies. The incorporation of M enhanced the rate of both heterotrophic degradation of glycine and subsequent autotrophic nitrification in direct relation to the amounts of M added. In soil amended with K, neither degradation nor nitrification was stimulated. The addition of M shortened the lag phase before nitrification was initiated, increased the pH of both the soil and the perfusates, and increased the rate, but not the extent, of oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitrate. The addition of CaCO2 or MgCO3, but not of CaSO4, also enhanced the rate of nitrification. The effects observed may have resulted from the influence of M on the pH, buffering capacity, and other soil conditions necessary for maximum activity of nitrifying microorganisms.

• MeSH
• bentonit farmakologie   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• dusičnany metabolismus   MeSH
• dusitany metabolismus   MeSH
• glycin metabolismus   MeSH
• kaolin farmakologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• Nitrobacter metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bentonit MeSH
• dusičnany MeSH
• dusitany MeSH
• glycin MeSH
• kaolin MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny MeSH

• MeSH
• dusitany metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivační techniky MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• Nitrobacter růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusitany MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny MeSH
• roztoky MeSH

The temperature dependence of nitrification can be expressed by the Arrhenius equation while the time course of nitrate production can be expressed by the Gomperz function. These two findings served as a basis for a mathematical model which makes it possible to calculate nitrate production in the soil even when the temperature changes once or more times during the incubation.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• dusičnany biosyntéza   MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• Nitrobacter metabolismus   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• teplota * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusičnany MeSH

A soil naturally containing montmorillonite (M) was amended with 10% M and sequentially perfused with glyeme, with fresh glyeme being added every 16--17d after nitrification of the previously added glycine-nitrogen had reached a plateau. In some systems, the old perfusates were replaced each time with a fresh glycine solution; in others, the initial perfusate was not replaced but only adjusted each time to the original 200 ml volume and a comparable glycine concentration (140 micrograms NH2-N/ml). The incorporation of M enhanced the rates of heterotrophic degradation of glycine and subsequent autotrophic nitrification, but these stimulatory effects decreased with each successive perfusion. The reasons for these decreases are not known, but they did not appear to be related to inorganic nutrition, as perfusion with a mixed cation solution after five perfusion cycles did not significantly enhance nitrification in either the check or M-amended soils during three subsequent perfusions with glycine. The enhancement of nitrification by M appeared to be a result, in part, of the greater buffering capacity of the M-amended soil, as indicated by lesser reductions in the pH of perfusates from the M-amended soil, by titration curves of the soils, and by the greater and longer stimulation of nitrification in the check soil amended with 1% CaCO3, which had a greater buffering capacity than did M. The stimulation by CaCO3 may also have been partially the result of providing CO2 for the autotrophic nitrifyers. Significant concentrations of nitrite accumulated only in perfusates from soil amended with CaCO3. Air-drying and remoistening the soils enhanced nitrification of subsequently added glycine, especially in the check soil. The importance of pH-mediation, of the production of inhibitors, and/or of feed-back inhibition was indicated by the lower rate and extent of nitrification in systems wherein the perfusates were not replaced between successive additions of glycine. Although the results of these studies confirmed previous observations that M enhances the rate of nitrification in soil, the mechanisms responsible for this stimulation are still not known.

• MeSH
• bentonit farmakologie   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• chemická stimulace MeSH
• dusičnany metabolismus   MeSH
• dusitany metabolismus   MeSH
• glycin farmakologie   MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• Nitrobacter metabolismus   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bentonit MeSH
• dusičnany MeSH
• dusitany MeSH
• glycin MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny MeSH

• MeSH
• Actinomyces účinky léků   MeSH
• Azotobacter účinky léků   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   MeSH
• hlístice * MeSH
• houby účinky léků   MeSH
• Nitrobacter účinky léků   MeSH
• Nitrosomonas účinky léků   MeSH
• pesticidy farmakologie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie účinky léků   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• pesticidy MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS *, CHEMISTRY *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, METABOLISM *, NITRATES *, NITRITES *, NITROBACTER *, NITROGEN *, NITROSOMONAS *, SOIL *, SOIL MICROBIOLOGY *, SULFATES *,
• MeSH
• amoniové sloučeniny * MeSH
• chemické jevy * MeSH
• chemie * MeSH
• dusičnany * MeSH
• dusík * MeSH
• dusitany * MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny * MeSH
• metabolismus * MeSH
• nitrifikace * MeSH
• Nitrobacter * MeSH
• Nitrosomonas * MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• sírany * MeSH
• výzkum * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amoniové sloučeniny * MeSH
• dusičnany * MeSH
• dusík * MeSH
• dusitany * MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny * MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• sírany * MeSH