This study investigated the metabolic adaptive responses to As contamination and As co-contamination with cadmium, lead, and zinc in the leaves and tubers of cherry radish (Raphanus sativus var. sativus Pers.). The response was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde levels, total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin pigment (TAC), growth and stress phytohormone concentration, and free amino acid content. The characteristic As accumulation of single contamination resulted in a decrease in tuber growth. However, in the case of co-contamination, As uptake was influenced by the presence of other potentially toxic elements (PTEs), mainly zinc, with no significant effect on growth. Both contaminated treatments exhibited significant differences in metabolite levels among the organs, along with notable changes in their contents. Increases in malondialdehyde, TPC, and TAC indicated induced oxidative stress and an antioxidant response that was more pronounced by As co-contamination. Also, the results for phytohormones, which showed both increases and decreases, along with selected free amino acids (which showed increases), demonstrated a more significant influence of As co-contamination. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the response of cherry radish to contaminated treatments exhibited significant differences in the studied parameters, along with variability in the results, reflecting the extent of the effects of PTEs that induce oxidative stress.
- Klíčová slova
- amino acids, hormones, metalloid, stress, vegetable,
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny * metabolismus MeSH
- arsen * toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu toxicita MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- malondialdehyd metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- Raphanus * metabolismus účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aminokyseliny * MeSH
- arsen * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- malondialdehyd MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin * MeSH
The potential risk to humans from incidental ingestion of As-contaminated soil and mine waste is influenced by the mineralogical composition of the As phases present. Using the Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium in vitro assay, simulating gastric conditions, we determined the oral bioaccessibility of As in 16 environmentally important As mineral(oid)s commonly found in mine waste and contaminated soils. Our results revealed a wide range of bioaccessibility values closely related to the solubility of the mineral(oid)s. Bioaccessibility values ranged from 0.15 % in minerals with great environmental stability such as scorodite and pharmacosiderite, to complete (100 %) release from minerals such as adamite, erythrite and pharmacolite. Intermediate bioaccessibility levels were observed in minerals such as arsenolite and yukonite, ranging from 6 % to 67 %. In mixtures with soil, the bioaccessibility of As in mineral(oid)s with low solubility was significantly reduced, with bioaccessibility values up to 8.7 times lower due to the effective adsorption of As by the soil. We conclude that the bioaccessibility of As in natural soil and mine waste is intricately influenced by both the mineralogical composition of As phases and the As retention capacity of natural materials under acidic conditions of gastric fluids.
- Klíčová slova
- Arsenic, Bioaccessibility, Mineral(oid)s, Soil, Solubility,
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- arsen * chemie farmakokinetika analýza MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- hornictví MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * chemie analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minerály * chemie MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arsen * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- minerály * MeSH
The diffusive gradient in thin films technique (DGT), with a resin gel based on Lewatit® FO 36 was used for the first time to predict arsenic (As) bioavailability in soils collected in different environmental contexts. The predicted bioavailability, determined by fluxes to DGT, was compared with the bioavailability and bioaccumulation in the plants (Calendula officinalis), where a strong correlation was observed (r = 0.8857 (CE/Croots) and r = 0.9208 (CE/Cshoots); p < 0.05; n > 40). Arsenic, predominantly accumulated in the roots of plants from all soil samples, reached concentrations up to 507.8 mg kg-1. To better understand the As distribution within the various soil-bearing phases, sequential extraction procedures were performed and revealed low mobility and availability of As, particularly in A and R soil samples, where As pollution is primarily caused by anthropogenic activities such as mining and industrial activities. The obtained results show that Calendula officinalis plants can be grown on soils contaminated by arsenic, while the low translocation factors indicate that accumulate arsenic predominantly in the root system.
- MeSH
- arsen * analýza metabolismus MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * analýza metabolismus MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * metody MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arsen * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- půda * MeSH
The determination of metal-containing additives in plastic materials via acid digestion protocols has attracted growing interest to address potential environmental implications. However, the lack of protocol harmonization hinders data comparability within the literature. Here, six acid digestion protocols were employed to determine the metal(loid) content in plastics: these included three different acid mixtures (HNO3 combined with H2SO4, HCl or H2O2) for microwave-assisted digestion, with or without an additional room-temperature digestion step with H2O2. Each protocol was first validated for seven metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn) using a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) certified reference material (ERM®-EC681m). Then, validated protocols were applied on end-use materials, including conventional (i.e., LDPE) and compostable (i.e., PBAT/TPS) plastics. The combination of H2SO4 and HNO3 with a further digestion step with H2O2 was the most suitable protocol: it successfully passed validation thresholds for all metal(loid)s (recoveries in the range 98.6-101.0 %) and yielded the highest concentrations in end-use materials. All other protocols resulted in a less efficient digestion of the sample matrix, leading to lower recoveries and the formation of solid residues. Notably, end-use plastics showed a great variability in metal(loid) concentrations, likely due to their additive-rich composition, in contrast to the minimal content of acid-soluble additives of the reference material. This study represents an initial step towards the harmonization of acid digestion protocols and highlights new challenges in accurately analyzing end-use plastic materials, due to their complex additive composition.
- Klíčová slova
- Acid digestion, Additives, Metalloids, Metals, Microplastics, Polymers,
- MeSH
- antimon analýza MeSH
- arsen analýza MeSH
- kovy * analýza chemie MeSH
- mikrovlny MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- olovo analýza MeSH
- peroxid vodíku chemie MeSH
- plastické hmoty * chemie MeSH
- polyethylen * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antimon MeSH
- arsen MeSH
- kovy * MeSH
- olovo MeSH
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
- plastické hmoty * MeSH
- polyethylen * MeSH
The present paper deals with an analysis of total arsenic concentration using ICP-MS/MS and an analysis of concentration of several arsenic species, arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), monomethylarsonate (MMA), dimethylarsenite (DMA), and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), using HPLC-ICP-MS/MS in the PM10 fraction of airborne urban aerosol. The samples were collected during two campaigns, in the autumn of 2022 and in the winter of 2023, at three locations within the central European city of Brno, with the aim to evaluate the seasonal and spatial variations in the PM10 composition. The results confirmed only the seasonal variability in the content of the methylated arsenic species in PM10 influenced by biomethylation processes. To gain better understanding of the possible arsenic origin, a supplementary analysis of the total arsenic concentrations was performed in samples of different size fractions of particulate matter collected using ELPI + . Local emissions, including industrial activities and heating during the winter season, were suggested as the most likely predominant source contributing to the total As content in PM10.
- Klíčová slova
- Arsenic speciation, ELPI +, Methylarsenic species, PM size distribution, Particulate matter,
- MeSH
- arsen * analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- pevné částice * analýza MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arsen * MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
- pevné částice * MeSH
Arsenic (As) levels in particulate matter (PM) are routinely monitored in cities of developed countries. Despite advances in the knowledge of its inorganic species in PM in urban areas, organic species are often overlooked with no information on their behaviour in urban parks - areas with increased potential for As biomethylation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize As distribution, bioaccessibility, seasonal variation and speciation (AsIII, AsV, MMA, DMA and TMAO) in PMx-PM10 of an urban park. Two sites with different distance from the road were selected for winter and summer sampling. From the PM samples, we gravimetrically determined PM10 concentrations in the air and via ICP-MS the total As content there. To assess the portion of bioaccessible As, water extractable As content was analysed. Simultaneously, the As species in PM10 water extracts were analysed via coupling of HPLC with ICP-MS method. There was no seasonal difference in PM10 concentration in the park, probably due to the increased summer PM load related to recreational activities in the park and park design. Spatial distribution of total As in PM10 and As fractional distribution in PMx suggested that As mostly didn't originate from traffic although highest As content was observed in the fine fraction (PM2.5) related to combustion processes. However, significant winter increase of As (determined by AsIII and AsV) despite the unchanged concentration of PM10 indicated a decisive influence of household heating-related combustion and possibly influence of reduced vegetation density. As present in the PM10 was mostly in bioaccessible form. Seasonal influence of As biomethylation was clearly demonstrated on the TMAO specie during the summer campaign. Except the significant summer TMAO increase, the results also indicated the biomethylation influence on DMA. Therefore, an increased risk of exposure to organic As species in urban parks can be expected during summer.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioaccessibility, Biomethylation, ELPI+, Organoarsenicals, Particle size fractions, Speciation analysis,
- MeSH
- arsen * analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- pevné částice * analýza MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- veřejné parky MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arsen * MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
- pevné částice * MeSH
Metalloid co-contamination such as arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in soils has posed a significant threat to ecological balance and human well-being. In this study, a novel magnetic graphene-loaded biochar gel (FeBG) was developed, and its remediation potential for the reclamation of AsSb spoiled soil was assessed through a six-month soil incubation experiment. Results showed that the incorporation of iron substances and graphene imparted FeBG with enhanced surface characteristics, such as the formation of a new FeO bond and an enlarged surface area compared to the pristine biochar (BC) (80.5 m2 g-1 vs 57.4 m2 g-1). Application of FeBG significantly decreased Na2HPO4-extractable concentration of As in soils by 9.9 %, whilst BC addition had a non-significant influence on As availability, compared to the control. Additionally, both BC (8.2 %) and FeBG (16.4 %) treatments decreased the Na2HPO4-extractable concentration of Sb in soils. The enhanced immobilization efficiency of FeBG for As/Sb could be attributed to FeBG-induced electrostatic attraction, complexation (Fe-O(H)-As/Sb), and π-π electron donor-acceptor coordination mechanisms. Additionally, the FeBG application boosted the activities of sucrase (9.6 %) and leucine aminopeptidase (7.7 %), compared to the control. PLS-PM analysis revealed a significant negative impact of soil physicochemical properties on the availability of As (β = -0.611, P < 0.01) and Sb (β = -0.848, P < 0.001) in soils, in which Sb availability subsequently led to a suppression in soil enzyme activities (β = -0.514, P < 0.01). Overall, the novel FeBG could be a potential amendment for the simultaneous stabilization of As/Sb and the improvement of soil quality in contaminated soils.
- Klíčová slova
- Biochar modification, Enzyme activity, Heavy metal, Structural equation model,
- MeSH
- antimon * chemie analýza MeSH
- arsen * analýza MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * chemie MeSH
- grafit * chemie MeSH
- hornictví * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * analýza MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí * metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antimon * MeSH
- arsen * MeSH
- biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
- grafit * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- půda MeSH
The escalating problem of compound arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils necessitates the urgency for effective remediation strategies. This is compounded by the opposing geochemical behaviors of As and Cd in soil, and the efficacy of biochar treatment remains unclear. This pioneering study integrated 3780 observation pairs referred from 92 peer-reviewed articles to investigate the impact of iron-modified biochar on As and Cd responses across diverse soil environments. Regarding the treatments, 1) biochar significantly decreased the exchangeable and acid-soluble fraction of As (AsF1, 20.9%) and Cd (CdF1, 24.0%) in paddy fields; 2) iron-modified biochar significantly decreased AsF1 (32.0%) and CdF1 (27.4%); 3) iron-modified biochar in paddy fields contributed to the morphological changes in As and Cd, mainly characterized by a decrease in AsF1 (36.5%) and CdF1 (36.3%) and an increase in the reducible fraction of As (19.7%) and Cd (39.2%); and 4) iron-modified biochar in paddy fields increased As (43.1%) and Cd (53.7%) concentrations in the iron plaque on root surfaces. We conclude that iron-modified biochar treatment of paddy fields is promising in remediating As and Cd contamination by promoting the formation of iron plaque.
- Klíčová slova
- Arsenic, Biochar, Cadmium, Iron plaque, Meta-analysis,
- MeSH
- arsen * chemie MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí chemie MeSH
- kadmium chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * analýza MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rýže (rod) * MeSH
- železo chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arsen * MeSH
- biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí MeSH
- kadmium MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- půda MeSH
- železo MeSH
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that poses a potential risk to the environment and human health. In this study, drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) and ceramsite-based vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) were built to purify As-containing wastewater. As a method of bioaugmentation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was inoculated to Pteris vittata roots to enhance the As removal of the VFCWs. The results showed that the As removal rates reached 87.82-94.29% (DWTR) and 33.28-58.66% (ceramsite). DWTR and P. vittata contributed 64.33-72.07% and 7.57-29% to the removal of As, while AMF inoculation intensified the As accumulation effect of P. vittata. Proteobacteria, the main As3+ oxidizing bacteria in the aquatic systems, dominated the microbial community, occupying 72.41 ± 7.76%. AMF inoculation increased As-related functional genes abundance in DWTR-based wetlands and provided a reliable means of arsenic resistance in wetlands. These findings indicated that the DWTR-based VFCWs with AMF inoculated P. vittata had a great purification effect on As-containing wastewater, providing a theoretical basis for the application of DWTR and AMF for As removal in constructed wetlands.
- Klíčová slova
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Arsenic functional gene, Arsenic pollution, Drinking water treatment residue, Vertical flow constructed wetlands,
- MeSH
- arsen * MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mokřady MeSH
- mykorhiza * MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- pitná voda * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arsen * MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- pitná voda * MeSH
The total arsenic mass fraction as well as the arsenic speciation were studied in four different mushroom species with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. Arsenic mass fractions detected in the mushrooms were covering a range from 0.3 to 22 mg As kg-1 dry mass. For the arsenic speciation, species like arsenobetaine, inorganic arsenic, or dimethylarsinic acid were found, which are commonly detected in mushrooms, but it was also proven that the recently discovered novel compound homoarsenocholine is present in Amanita muscaria and Ramaria sanguinea. Moreover, a previously unidentified arsenic species was isolated from Ramaria sanguinea and identified as trimethylarsonioacetamide, or in short: arsenobetaine amide. This new arsenical was synthesized and verified by spiking experiments to be present in all investigated mushroom samples. Arsenobetaine amide could be an important intermediate to further elucidate the biotransformation pathways of arsenic in the environment.
- Klíčová slova
- Arsenic speciation, HPLC-ICPMS, HR ESI-MS, Mushrooms, Ramaria sanguinea, Trimethylarsonioacetamide,
- MeSH
- arsen * analýza MeSH
- arsenikové přípravky * analýza MeSH
- Basidiomycota * MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arsen * MeSH
- arsenikové přípravky * MeSH
- arsenobetaine MeSH Prohlížeč
