The reorientation of Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson, from therapeutic to ornamental use, exemplifies a broader domestication trend, favoring aesthetics over medicinal properties. Renewed phytomedicinal interest and the rise of plant extract markets drive demand for organic, sustainable consumer products, heightening the competition for superior cultivars. Synthetic polyploidization using oryzalin was conducted to obtain high-quality cultivars of C. fragrans, facilitating enhanced phenotypic and biological traits without genetic modification. This study aimed to explore the metabolic spectrum and biological activities of oryzalin-induced polyploid C. fragrans for its advanced medicinal application. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the ploidy level of the plants. Consequently, GC-FID and 1H NMR analyses revealed distinct metabolite profiles, with increased ethyl stearate, malic acid, gallic acid, fumaric acid, and unique compounds like (Z)-11-eicosenoic acid and dodecan-1-ol in polyploids. Polyploid extracts demonstrated exceptional antioxidant capacity, with DPPH, ORAC, and ABTS assays showing higher radical scavenging and oxygen absorbance abilities than diploid extracts. The polyploid extract showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against skin pathogens, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Callisia extracts, meticulously at a low concentration of 25 µg/mL, showed cytoprotective effects on HT-29 cells, mitigating H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, treatment with polyploid extract was associated with the downregulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, suggesting a potentially greater anti-inflammatory effect compared to the diploid extract. These findings depict enhanced metabolite accumulation and biological activities in polyploid compared than diploid progenitor, highlighting the potential of the novel polyploid C. fragrans variety for future therapeutic applications, particularly in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
- Klíčová slova
- Anti-inflammatory activity, Antioxidant activity, GC-FID, NMR, Polyploidization, Skin infection,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 metabolismus MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 metabolismus genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polyploidie * MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty * MeSH
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) fuels cellular ATP demands. OXPHOS defects lead to severe human disorders with unexplained tissue specific pathologies. Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for OXPHOS biogenesis since core subunits of the complexes are mitochondrial-encoded. COX14 is required for translation of COX1, the central mitochondrial-encoded subunit of complex IV. Here we describe a COX14 mutant mouse corresponding to a patient with complex IV deficiency. COX14M19I mice display broad tissue-specific pathologies. A hallmark phenotype is severe liver inflammation linked to release of mitochondrial RNA into the cytosol sensed by RIG-1 pathway. We find that mitochondrial RNA release is triggered by increased reactive oxygen species production in the deficiency of complex IV. Additionally, we describe a COA3Y72C mouse, affected in an assembly factor that cooperates with COX14 in early COX1 biogenesis, which displays a similar yet milder inflammatory phenotype. Our study provides insight into a link between defective mitochondrial gene expression and tissue-specific inflammation.
- MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 * MeSH
- DEAD box protein 58 MeSH
- DEAD-box RNA-helikasy metabolismus genetika MeSH
- játra * metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové proteiny MeSH
- mitochondriální proteiny metabolismus genetika MeSH
- mitochondrie metabolismus MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oxidativní fosforylace * MeSH
- proteosyntéza MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku * metabolismus MeSH
- respirační komplex IV * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- RNA mitochondriální genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zánět * metabolismus genetika patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklooxygenasa 1 * MeSH
- Ddx58 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
- DEAD box protein 58 MeSH
- DEAD-box RNA-helikasy MeSH
- membránové proteiny MeSH
- mitochondriální proteiny MeSH
- Ptgs1 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
- reaktivní formy kyslíku * MeSH
- respirační komplex IV * MeSH
- RNA mitochondriální MeSH
Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis are the most common filarial species affecting humans in Europe. Dirofilaria repens causes subcutaneous or ocular infection, whereas D. immitis is responsible mainly for the pulmonary form. In this report, we present the first human case of periorbital dirofilariasis in the Czech Republic. A 58-year-old woman suffered from an eyelid oedema, redness and pain in the left eye. After excising the parasite from her eyelid, all clinical symptoms disappeared. Based on the morphology and cytochrome oxidase I sequencing, the parasite was identified as D. repens. Histology revealed that the excised worm was female with absent microfilariae in uteri. With respect to the length of the incubation period and the sequence identity with a known Czech isolate, we concluded that D. repens was most likely of autochthonous origin.
- Klíčová slova
- Clinical symptom, Cytochrome oxidase I, Dirofilaria repens, Eye, Filarial, Human, Microfilaria, Ocular infection,
- MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 genetika MeSH
- Dirofilaria repens cytologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dirofilarióza parazitologie patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofilárie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- oční infekce parazitární parazitologie patologie MeSH
- proteiny červů genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- proteiny červů MeSH
The monozoic tapeworm Caryophyllaeus laticeps has been characterized by five markedly different morphotypes largely corresponding to different fish hosts. Recently, the most distinct morphotype 4 from the common nase Chondrostoma nasus was studied in more details resulting in description of a new species Caryophyllaeus chondrostomi. The molecular study based on mitochondrial cox1 and ribosomal lsrDNA did not reveal any interspecific differences between C. laticeps and C. chondrostomi and did not provide any molecular support for recognition of these two species. In the current study, six polymorphic microsatellite markers were applied in order to detect molecular differences between the two species and to provide molecular evidence of validity of C. chondrostomi. While all six microsatellite loci were amplified in different geographic populations of C. laticeps, only two of them provided the amplification product in C. chondrostomi. Results on the Bayesian analysis assigned C. chondrostomi and all geographic populations of C. laticeps to distinct clusters. Neither any close relationships among C. laticeps populations nor specific position of C. chondrostomi were revealed. Contrary, the results of the principal coordinate analysis revealed striking genetic separation of C. chondrostomi with no overlaps with any of the C. laticeps population or morphotype. Caryophyllaeus chondrostomi very probably underwent morphological divergence as a result of ongoing speciation, but this process has not yet been accompanied by sufficient genetic divergence. In this particular case, microsatellites were proved to be better molecular discriminative markers than rDNA and mtDNA.
- Klíčová slova
- Caryophyllidea, Cestoda, Interspecific differences, Molecular taxonomy, Short tandem repeats,
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- Cestoda klasifikace genetika MeSH
- cestodózy epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 genetika MeSH
- Cyprinidae parazitologie MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice genetika MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor is activated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and other ligands. Activated AhR binds to dioxin responsive elements (DRE) and initiates transcription of target genes, including the gene encoding prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS-2), which is also activated by the transcription factor NF-ĸB. PTGS-2 catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandins, thromboxanes or isoprostanes. 15-F2t-Isoprostane (IsoP), regarded as a universal marker of lipid peroxidation, is also induced by PAH exposure. We investigated the processes associated with lipid peroxidation in human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) exposed for 4 h or 24 h to model PAH (benzo[a]pyrene, BaP; 3-nitrobenzanthrone, 3-NBA) and organic extracts from ambient air particulate matter (EOM), collected in two seasons in a polluted locality. Both EOM induced the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1; 24 h treatment significantly reduced PTGS-2 expression. IsoP levels decreased after both exposure periods, while the concentration of AA was not affected. The effects induced by BaP were similar to EOM except for increased IsoP levels after 4 h exposure and elevated AA concentration after 24 h treatment. In contrast, 3-NBA treatment did not induce CYP expression, had a weak effect on PTGS-2 expression, and, similar to BaP, induced IsoP levels after 4 h exposure and AA levels after 24 h treatment. All tested compounds induced the activity of NF-ĸB after the longer exposure period. In summary, our data suggest that EOM, and partly BaP, reduce lipid peroxidation by a mechanism that involves AhR-dependent inhibition of PTGS-2 expression. The effect of 3-NBA on IsoP levels is probably mediated by a different mechanism independent of AhR activation.
- Klíčová slova
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Extractable organic matter, Lipid peroxidation, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
- MeSH
- benz(a)anthraceny toxicita MeSH
- benzopyren toxicita MeSH
- buňky A549 MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutageny toxicita MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- NF-kappa B metabolismus MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- pevné částice toxicita MeSH
- pneumocyty účinky léků MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky toxicita MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků metabolismus MeSH
- transkripční faktory bHLH metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 3-nitrobenzanthrone MeSH Prohlížeč
- AHR protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- benz(a)anthraceny MeSH
- benzopyren MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 MeSH
- mutageny MeSH
- NF-kappa B MeSH
- pevné částice MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků MeSH
- transkripční faktory bHLH MeSH
Free ranging ungulates, represented in Europe mostly by several deer species, are important hosts for ticks and reservoirs of tick-borne infections. A number of studies have focused on the prevalence of tick borne pathogens in deer chiefly with the aim to determine their potential role as reservoir hosts for important human and livestock pathogens. However, genetic similarity of Babesia spp. forming a group commonly termed as a clade VI that accommodates the deer piroplasms, complicates this task and has led to the description of a bewildering array of poorly characterised strains. This study aims to resolve this issue by using two independent genetic loci, nuclear 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes, used in parallel to identify Babesia isolates in free-ranging red, sika, and roe deer in two areas of their co-occurrence in the Czech Republic. The COX1 loci, in contrast to 18S rRNA gene, shows a clear difference between interspecific and intraspecific variation at the nucleotide level. The findings confirm B. divergens, Babesia sp. EU1 and B. capreoli in studied deer species as well as common presence of another unnamed species that matches a taxon previously referred to as Babesia sp. or Babesia cf. odocoilei or Babesia CH1 group in several other sites throughout Europe. The invasive sika deers enter the life cycle of at least three piroplasmid species detected in native deer fauna. The presence of B. divergens in both sika and red deer in an area where bovine babesiosis is apparently absent raises important questions regarding the epidemiology, host specificity and taxonomic status of the parasite.
- Klíčová slova
- 18S rDNA, Babesia, COX1, Deer, Phylogeny, Piroplasmids,
- MeSH
- Babesia klasifikace genetika MeSH
- babezióza parazitologie virologie MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika MeSH
- protozoální proteiny genetika MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody MeSH
- vysoká zvěř parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- protozoální DNA MeSH
- protozoální proteiny MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S MeSH
Prostaglandins and inhibitors of their synthesis (cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were shown to play a significant role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Partly due to their hematopoiesis-modulating effects, both prostaglandins and COX inhibitors were reported to act positively in radiation-exposed mammalian organisms at various pre- and post-irradiation therapeutical settings. Experimental efforts were targeted at finding pharmacological procedures leading to optimization of therapeutical outcomes by minimizing undesirable side effects of the treatments. Progress in these efforts was obtained after discovery of selective inhibitors of inducible selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Recent studies have been able to suggest the possibility to find combined therapeutical approaches utilizing joint administration of prostaglandins and inhibitors of their synthesis at optimized timing and dosing of the drugs which could be incorporated into the therapy of patients with acute radiation syndrome.
- Klíčová slova
- acute radiation syndrome, cyclooxygenase, gastrointestinal system, hematopoiesis, inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, prostaglandins,
- MeSH
- akutní radiační syndrom krev farmakoterapie etiologie metabolismus MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 metabolismus MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 metabolismus MeSH
- hematopoéza účinky léků MeSH
- inhibitory cyklooxygenasy 2 farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy účinky léků MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- prostaglandiny biosyntéza farmakologie MeSH
- radioprotektivní látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 MeSH
- inhibitory cyklooxygenasy 2 MeSH
- prostaglandiny MeSH
- radioprotektivní látky MeSH
The Moluccan net-winged beetle fauna remains poorly studied and here, new species of Schizotrichalus Kleine, 1926 and Eniclases Waterhouse, 1879 are reported from Halmahera. Using morphological traits and cox1 mitochondrial DNA sequences, we propose two new species, Eniclases kusyi sp. nov. and Schizotrichalus halmaherensis sp. nov., and redescribe E. moluccanus Kleine, 1930. New molecular data confirm morphology-based sister relationships between Schizotrichalus and Eniclases and the analysis identifies the combined area of the present-day Halmahera and New Guinea as an ancestral area of these genera. Now, Halmahera and New Guinea are quite similar in respect of the number of trichaline genera. Concerning the size of islands and the recent origin of the nowadays northern Moluccas, these results are unexpected and thus the general validity of this distribution pattern should be confirmed with other groups of beetles.
- Klíčová slova
- Coleoptera, Lycidae, new species, Moluccas, Halmahera, taxonomy, zoogeography,
- MeSH
- brouci * MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Nová Guinea MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA MeSH
BACKGROUND: Rats (Rattus spp.) invaded most of the world as stowaways including some that carried the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the cause of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans and other warm-blooded animals. A high genetic diversity of A. cantonensis based on short mitochondrial DNA regions is reported from Southeast Asia. However, the identity of invasive A. cantonensis is known for only a minority of countries. The affordability of next-generation sequencing for characterisation of A. cantonensis genomes should enable new insights into rat lung worm invasion and parasite identification in experimental studies. METHODS: Genomic DNA from morphologically verified A. cantonensis (two laboratory-maintained strains and two field isolates) was sequenced using low coverage whole genome sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome was assembled and compared to published A. cantonensis and Angiostrongylus malaysiensis sequences. To determine if the commonly sequenced partial cox1 can unequivocally identify A. cantonensis genetic lineages, the diversity of cox1 was re-evaluated in the context of the publicly available cox1 sequences and the entire mitochondrial genomes. Published experimental studies available in Web of Science were systematically reviewed to reveal published identities of A. cantonensis used in experimental studies. RESULTS: New A. cantonensis mitochondrial genomes from Sydney (Australia), Hawaii (USA), Canary Islands (Spain) and Fatu Hiva (French Polynesia), were assembled from next-generation sequencing data. Comparison of A. cantonensis mitochondrial genomes from outside of Southeast Asia showed low genetic diversity (0.02-1.03%) within a single lineage of A. cantonensis. Both cox1 and cox2 were considered the preferred markers for A. cantonensis haplotype identification. Systematic review revealed that unequivocal A. cantonensis identification of strains used in experimental studies is hindered by absence of their genetic and geographical identity. CONCLUSIONS: Low coverage whole genome sequencing provides data enabling standardised identification of A. cantonensis laboratory strains and field isolates. The phenotype of invasive A. cantonensis, such as the capacity to establish in new territories, has a strong genetic component, as the A. cantonensis found outside of the original endemic area are genetically uniform. It is imperative that the genotype of A. cantonensis strains maintained in laboratories and used in experimental studies is unequivocally characterised.
- Klíčová slova
- Genetic diversity, Invasive species, Mitochondrial genome, Next-generation sequencing, Rat lungworm, Rattus, cox1,
- MeSH
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis genetika MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- genom mitochondriální * MeSH
- genom u helmintů MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Strongylida parazitologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA * MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
- Havajské ostrovy MeSH
- Polynésie MeSH
- Španělsko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA * MeSH
BACKGROUND: One reason for the lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries may be the high intake of isoflavonoids and their antiplatelet effects may be an important factor. To date, there is limited comparison of a range of isoflavonoids and knowledge of their effects at different levels of platelet aggregation. PURPOSE: To screen the antiplatelet effects of a number of isoflavonoids on the arachidonic acid based aggregation pathway and investigate how the antiplatelet activity might occur. METHODS: The antiplatelet effects were first screened in whole human blood where platelet aggregation was induced by arachidonic acid. Further analysis was targeted at search of the mechanism of action. RESULTS: Thirteen of the eighteen tested isoflavonoids had significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in whole human blood. Genistein had the same potency as clinically used acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) while tectorigenin was clearly stronger than ASA. Further analyses showed that the effect of tectorigenin was not based on inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 in contrast to ASA or thromboxane synthase but by competitive antagonism at thromboxane receptors. CONCLUSION: Tectorigenin is a more potent antiplatelet compound than ASA and thus an interesting substance for further testing.
- Klíčová slova
- Cyclooxygenase, Isoflavones, Platelets, Tectorigenin,
- MeSH
- agregace trombocytů účinky léků MeSH
- Aspirin farmakologie MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 metabolismus MeSH
- genistein farmakologie MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů farmakologie MeSH
- isoflavony farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- Aspirin MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- genistein MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů MeSH
- isoflavony MeSH
- PTGS1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- tectorigenin MeSH Prohlížeč
