Singlet oxygen produced from triplet excited chlorophylls in photosynthesis is a signal molecule that can induce programmed cell death (PCD) through the action of the OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCIBLE 1 (OXI1) kinase. Here, we identify two negative regulators of light-induced PCD that modulate OXI1 expression: DAD1 and DAD2, homologs of the human antiapoptotic protein DEFENDER AGAINST CELL DEATH. Overexpressing OXI1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) increased plant sensitivity to high light and induced early senescence of mature leaves. Both phenomena rely on a marked accumulation of jasmonate and salicylate. DAD1 or DAD2 overexpression decreased OXI1 expression, jasmonate levels, and sensitivity to photooxidative stress. Knock-out mutants of DAD1 or DAD2 exhibited the opposite responses. Exogenous applications of jasmonate upregulated salicylate biosynthesis genes and caused leaf damage in wild-type plants but not in the salicylate biosynthesis mutant Salicylic acid induction-deficient2, indicating that salicylate plays a crucial role in PCD downstream of jasmonate. Treating plants with salicylate upregulated the DAD genes and downregulated OXI1 We conclude that OXI1 and DAD are antagonistic regulators of cell death through modulating jasmonate and salicylate levels. High light-induced PCD thus results from a tight control of the relative activities of these regulating proteins, with DAD exerting a negative feedback control on OXI1 expression.

• MeSH
• apoptóza genetika   účinky záření   MeSH
• Arabidopsis cytologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biosyntetické dráhy účinky léků   genetika   účinky záření   MeSH
• cyklopentany metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• fosfolipasy A1 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina salicylová metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• listy rostlin cytologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• oxylipiny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny huseníčku genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• singletový kyslík metabolismus   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese metody   MeSH
• světlo MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cyklopentany MeSH
• DAD1 protein, Arabidopsis MeSH Prohlížeč
• fosfolipasy A1 MeSH
• jasmonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyselina salicylová MeSH
• OXI1 protein, Arabidopsis MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxylipiny MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy MeSH
• proteiny huseníčku MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
• singletový kyslík MeSH

The effect of various physico-chemical factors on production of intra- and extracellular phospholipase A1 by Salmonella newport was investigated. Maximum intracellular enzyme levels were observed when cells were grown in brain heart infusion broth, after 12 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Highest level of extracellular phospholipase A1, however, was seen in synthetic medium (pH 7.0) after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Agitation during incubation had no effect on the intracellular enzyme synthesis but enhanced extracellular enzyme levels. Addition of surfactants to the growth media significantly decreased both intra- and extracellular phospholipase A1 production.

• MeSH
• aerobióza MeSH
• fosfolipasy A biosyntéza   MeSH
• fosfolipasy A1 MeSH
• fosfolipasy biosyntéza   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Salmonella enzymologie   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfolipasy A MeSH
• fosfolipasy A1 MeSH
• fosfolipasy MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky MeSH