The preservation of donor lungs and the effort to safely extend ischemic time while maintaining function is an important topic that the transplant community has been addressing for a long time. Recent publications, mainly from the Toronto team, have fundamentally influenced the existing standard of optimal preservation conditions, and their results provide a scientific basis for the shift from ice preservation to con-trolled hypothermia. Optimal preservation conditions are a necessary prerequisite for the safe extension of ischemic time. This brings additional potential for the development of the field and the possibility to improve the availability of lung transplantations and their outcomes. This review summarizes the key findings in the area of donor lung preservation from the first experimental attempts conducted 30 years ago to recent studies and discusses the various aspects that the change in preservation standard has influenced or is likely to influence.

• Klíčová slova
• Lung transplantation, donor lung preservation, ischemic time,
• MeSH
• chlazení MeSH
• dárci tkání MeSH
• led MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• transplantace plic * MeSH
• uchovávání orgánů * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• led MeSH

Based on a growing understanding of the role of wild megafauna in the functioning of natural ecosystems, trophic rewilding by large herbivores is increasingly used as a nature-based solution to mitigate biodiversity loss and climate change in Europe and beyond. Despite the growing interest in implementing nature-based approaches to restore key non-productive ecosystem services, there is relatively little data available to assess the benefits and risks of rewilding projects. We therefore investigated the effects of year-round grazing by large ungulates on plant biomass characteristics and their relationship with soil properties at seven trophic rewilding sites in the Czech Republic. We found that trophic rewilding systematicaly reduced aboveground biomass, but improved plant nitrogen supply through enhanced nitrogen recycling, resulting in higher water and nitrogen content in the aboveground plant biomass and providing high-quality forage for grazing ungulates. Belowground biomass remained unchanged, indicating that the current grazing intensity allowed sufficient plant regeneration and organic matter input into the soil, increasing soil organic matter sequestration and water retention capacity. Rewilding further altered plant-soil interactions and strengthened the relationship between vegetation and soil microbial processes, which improved root growth and phosphorus uptake. These newly emerged herbivore-vegetation-soil interactions are of critical importance, as phosphorus and water availability have been identified as important edaphic factors controlling plant productivity and forage quality of rewilded sites. We propose that close herbivore-plant-soil relationships may promote the dynamics and self-regulatory capacity of rewilded ecosystems and facilitate their ability to promptly respond and adapt to changing biospheric and climatic conditions.

• Klíčová slova
• Auroch, European bison, Horse, Large ungulates, Plant biomass, Plant-herbivore-soil interaction, Trophic rewilding,
• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• býložravci * MeSH
• dusík * analýza   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• voda MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusík * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• voda MeSH

Fluorescence-based sensing is a straightforward and powerful technique with high sensitivity for the detection of a wide range of chemical and biological analytes. Integrating the high sensing capabilities of fluorescent probes with wireless navigation systems can enable the extension of their operational range, even in challenging scenarios with limited accessibility or involving hazardous substances. This study presents the development of molecularly engineered magneto-fluorescent microrobots based on the push-pull quinonoids by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles using a reprecipitation approach with the aim of detecting high-energy explosives and antibiotics in aqueous environments. The magnetic components in the microrobots offer remotely controlled navigability toward the intended target areas under the guidance of external magnetic fields. Upon interactions with either explosives (picric acid) or antibiotics (tetracycline), the microrobots' intrinsic fluorescence switches to a "fluorescence off" state, enabling material-based intelligence for sensing applications. The molecular-level interactions that underlie "on-off" fluorescence state switching upon engagement with target molecules are elucidated through extensive spectroscopy, microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The microrobots' selectivity toward target molecules is achieved by designing microrobots with amine functionalities capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the acidic hydroxyl group of picric acid, leading to the formation of water-soluble charge transfer picrate complexes through proton transfer. Similarly, proton transfer interactions play a key role in tetracycline detection. The selective fluorescence switching performance of microrobots in fluidic channel experiments illustrates their selective sensing intelligence for target molecules in an externally controlled manner, highlighting their promising characteristics for sensing applications in real-world scenarios.

• Klíčová slova
• charge transfer complexes, environmental monitoring, fluorescence sensing, magnetic microrobots, organic pollutants,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * analýza   MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva * chemie   MeSH
• magnetické nanočástice * chemie   MeSH
• pikráty MeSH
• tetracyklin * analýza   MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• výbušné látky * analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva * MeSH
• magnetické nanočástice * MeSH
• picric acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• pikráty MeSH
• tetracyklin * MeSH
• voda MeSH
• výbušné látky * MeSH

This study explores the structural and electronic factors affecting the absorption spectra of 5-carboxy-tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) in water, a widely used fluorophore in imaging and molecular labeling in biophysical studies. Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we examine TAMRA UV absorption spectra together with TAMRA-labeled peptides (Arg9, Arg4, Lys9). We found that DFT calculations with different functionals underestimate TAMRA maximum UV absorption peak by ~100 nm, resulting in the maximum at ca. 450 nm instead of the experimental value of ca. 550 nm. However, incorporating MD simulation snapshots of TAMRA in water, the UV maximum peak shifts and is in close agreement with the experimental results due to the rotation of TAMRA N(CH3)2 groups, effectively captured in MD simulations. The method is used to estimate the UV absorption spectra of TAMRA-labeled peptides, matching experimental values.

• Klíčová slova
• UV absorption spectra, fluorescent probes, molecular dynamics simulations, time‐dependent density functional theory,
• MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva chemie   MeSH
• peptidy * chemie   MeSH
• rhodaminy * chemie   MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky * MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
• teorie funkcionálu hustoty * MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester MeSH Prohlížeč
• fluorescenční barviva MeSH
• peptidy * MeSH
• rhodaminy * MeSH
• voda MeSH

The strategies of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (C a) are not entirely clear. Here, we reconstructed centennial trajectories of leaf internal CO2 concentration (C i) and intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) from the amount of 13C in tree-ring cellulose. We collected 57 cores across elevations, soil, and atmospheric conditions in central Europe. Generally, WUEi and C i increased over the last 100 years and the C i/C a ratio remained almost constant. However, two groups were distinguished. The first group showed a quasi-linear response to C a and the sensitivity of C i to C a (s = dC i/dC a) ranged from 0 to 1. Trees in the second group showed nonmonotonic responses with extremes during the peak of industrial air pollution in the 1980s and s increase from -1 to +1.6. Our study shows a marked attenuation of the rise in WUEi during the 20th century leading to invariant WUEi in recent decades.

• Klíčová slova
• Picea abies, carbon dioxide enrichment, photosynthesis, stable carbon isotopes, tree rings, water-use efficiency,
• MeSH
• fotosyntéza MeSH
• listy rostlin * metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• oxid uhličitý * metabolismus   MeSH
• smrk * metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• voda * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oxid uhličitý * MeSH
• voda * MeSH

Plasma-activated water (PAW) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties, making it a promising tool for surface decontamination. This study evaluated the ability of PAW generated from high voltage atmospheric cold plasma to remove Salmonella from common surfaces (stainless steel (SS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), concrete, and wood) found in poultry houses. PAW was generated by exposing distilled water to atmospheric cold plasma in 80% humid air at 90 kV and 60 Hz for 30 min. The resulting PAW contained 1120 ppm of nitrate and 1370 ppm of hydrogen peroxide, with a pH of 1.83. PAW was then applied to coupons of SS, PVC, wood, and concrete surfaces inoculated with 7-8 log10 CFU of cocktail of Salmonella spp. (S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, S. Montevideo, and S. Enteritidis). PAW effectively reduced Salmonella levels on SS and PVC surfaces to below the detection limit within 30 s. On wood surfaces, a longer treatment time of 7.5 min was required to achieve a maximum reduction of 2.63 log10 CFU, likely due to the porosity of the wood limiting PAW contact with the bacteria. On concrete surfaces, the reduction in Salmonella levels was only 0.98 log10 CFU. This was likely due to the greater surface roughness and high alkalinity, which neutralized the PAW species.

• Klíčová slova
• Cold plasma, Decontamination, Plasma-activated water, Poultry house, Salmonella spp,
• MeSH
• bydlení zvířat * MeSH
• dekontaminace * metody   MeSH
• dezinficiencia farmakologie   MeSH
• dřevo mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• drůbež * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• konstrukční materiály mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nerezavějící ocel MeSH
• peroxid vodíku farmakologie   MeSH
• plazmové plyny * farmakologie   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• polyvinylchlorid chemie   MeSH
• Salmonella * růst a vývoj   MeSH
• voda * chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dezinficiencia MeSH
• nerezavějící ocel MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• plazmové plyny * MeSH
• polyvinylchlorid MeSH
• voda * MeSH

Human-induced environmental changes are altering forest productivity and species composition, significantly impacting tree physiology, growth, water uptake, and nutrient acquisition. Investigating the intricate interplay between plant physiology and environmental shifts, we analyzed tree-ring isotopes (δ13C, δ18O, and δ15N) to track long-term trends in intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and nitrogen availability for European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir in a unique old-growth temperate mountain forest since 1501 ce. Our findings reveal that Norway spruce, a dominant species, exhibited iWUE saturation, exacerbated by acidic precipitation, resulting in growth declines during periods of high acidic air pollution and increased drought frequency. In contrast, deep-rooted, deciduous European beech demonstrated physiological resilience to acid deposition, benefiting from lower dry deposition of precipitation acidity and thriving under conditions of increased nitrogen deposition and elevated air temperatures, thereby sustaining stem growth regardless of potential climatic limitations. Silver fir showed the most dynamic response to acidic air pollution, with contemporary adaptations in leaf gas exchange allowing accelerated stem growth under cleaner air conditions. These different species responses underscore shifts in species competition, with European beech gaining dominance as Norway spruce and silver fir decline. Furthermore, the influence of ontogeny is evident, as tree-rings exhibited lower initial iWUE values and higher δ15N, reflecting changes in nitrogen uptake dynamics and the ecological role of tree age. Our study integrates tree-growth dynamics with physiological and nutrient availability trends, revealing the pivotal role of atmospheric chemistry changes in shaping the competitive dynamics and long-term growth trajectories of dominant tree species in temperate forests.

• Klíčová slova
• CO2 fertilization, nitrogen deposition, stable isotopes, tree rings, water‐use efficiency,
• MeSH
• atmosféra chemie   MeSH
• buk (rod) * růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• jedle růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• období sucha MeSH
• smrk * růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• stromy * růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• voda metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusík MeSH
• voda MeSH

Recent studies have shown that stem fluxes, although highly variable among trees, can alter the strength of the methane (CH4) sink or nitrous oxide (N2O) source in some forests, but the patterns and magnitudes of these fluxes remain unclear. This study investigated the drivers of subdaily and seasonal variations in stem and soil CH4, N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes. CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes were measured continuously for 19 months in individual stems of two tree species, Eperua falcata (Aubl.) and Lecythis poiteaui (O. Berg), and surrounding soils using an automated chamber system in an upland tropical forest. Subdaily variations in these fluxes were related to environmental and stem physiological (sap flow and stem diameter variations) measurements under contrasting soil water conditions. The results showed that physiological and climatic drivers only partially explained the subdaily flux variations. Stem CH4 and CO2 emissions and N2O uptake varied with soil water content, time of day and between individuals. Stem fluxes decoupled from soil fluxes. Our study contributes to understanding the regulation of stem greenhouse gas fluxes. It suggests that additional variables (e.g. internal gas concentrations, wood-colonising microorganisms, wood density and anatomy) may account for the remaining unexplained variability in stem fluxes, highlighting the need for further studies.

• Klíčová slova
• carbon dioxide, flux, methane, nitrous oxide, soil, subdaily variations, tree stem, upland tropical forest,
• MeSH
• methan * metabolismus   MeSH
• oxid dusný * metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• oxid uhličitý * metabolismus   MeSH
• půda * chemie   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• stonky rostlin * metabolismus   MeSH
• stromy * fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• tropické klima * MeSH
• voda metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• methan * MeSH
• oxid dusný * MeSH
• oxid uhličitý * MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• voda MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (AP) (Nordstedt) Gomont contains high content of phycobiliproteins (PBP), which are an important source for food industry. Methods effectively extracting proteins contained in AP cells are demanded to provide a supply of the material. Water-based extraction methods are advisable due to the high solubility of the PBP. OBJECTIVES: Extraction techniques such as ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized water extraction (PWE) are popular due to their environmental friendliness, better extraction efficiency, and faster extraction process. In this paper, efficiency of the two methods is compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PWE along with UAE is utilized for release of PBP from the AP cells. The extraction parameters including time, temperature, pressure, and ultrasound intensity are tested to obtain the most efficient setup. The methods were evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the replicates of PWE extracts were further analyzed by capillary isoelectric focusing with laser-induced fluorescence (cIEF-LIF). RESULTS: The developed PWE method using higher pressure treatment at lower temperature was significantly faster than UAE methods, and the SDS-PAGE results showed a high content of phycobiliproteins in the extracts. cIEF-LIF analysis showed that the sequential PWE of individual samples was repeatable, and the mild extraction provided a fluorescent profile similar to the commercially available C-phycocyanin standard. CONCLUSION: Pressurized water extraction was shown to be an efficient, rapid, and well-automated extraction method for AP proteins in general, including bioactive phycobiliproteins. Obtained results encourage the use of PWE in small-scale analytical applications for primary extraction of proteins.

• Klíčová slova
• Arthrospira platensis, phycocyanin, pressurized water extraction, spirulina, ultrasound assisted extraction,
• MeSH
• chemická frakcionace * metody   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• fykobiliproteiny * izolace a purifikace   chemie   MeSH
• Spirulina * chemie   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• ultrazvuk * metody   MeSH
• ultrazvukové vlny MeSH
• voda * chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fykobiliproteiny * MeSH
• voda * MeSH

Nutrient and water limitations contribute to yield losses in semi-arid regions. Therefore, crop rotations incorporating nitrogen-fixing legumes and drought-tolerant sorghum varieties offer a strategy to improve the utilization of scarce soil resources. Under semi-arid, field-like conditions, sorghum crop rotations with either cowpea pre-crop or fallow, including two early and three late maturing genotypes, were tested to identify stress adaptation traits of sorghum to water and phosphorus limitations. Morphological and physiological parameters were evaluated on a single-plant basis. Lower soil P content significantly delayed flowering compared to higher P levels. However, improved P availability arising from pre-crop residues reduced this effect. Mycorrhizal infection rates and root-to-shoot ratios were positively correlated with panicle N and P content at anthesis under low P conditions. Although drought significantly impacted yield, early maturing genotypes with the highest reduction in shoot biomass and reduced water use before flowering, could sustain yield production. Early-maturing genotypes characterized by high root-to-shoot ratios, rapid AMF establishment, and reduced water use before flowering exhibit a strong potential for maintaining yield and biomass production on nutrient-poor soils in semi-arid regions. Such genotypes conserve water before flowering and thus can alleviate post-flowering water stress, ensuring adequate P uptake despite low soil P availability.

• Klíčová slova
• Drought, Multiple resource limitations, Phosphorus, Plant phenological development, Sorghum, Water use,
• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfor * metabolismus   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• kořeny rostlin metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• mykorhiza fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• období sucha * MeSH
• půda * chemie   MeSH
• Sorghum * metabolismus   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   genetika   MeSH
• voda * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusík MeSH
• fosfor * MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• voda * MeSH