4-Carboxy-α-[3-(hydroxyamino)-3-oxopropyl]-benzenepropanoic acid 1 is a potent hydroxamate-based inhibitor of glutamate carboxypeptidase II. In an attempt to improve its poor oral pharmacokinetics, we synthesized a series of prodrugs by masking its hydrophilic hydroxamate group. Prodrugs were evaluated for oral availability in mice and showed varying degree of plasma exposure to 1. Of these, para-acetoxybenzyl-based, 4-(5-(((4-acetoxybenzyl)oxy)amino)-2-carboxy-5-oxopentyl)benzoic acid, 12, provided 5-fold higher plasma levels of 1 compared to oral administration of 1 itself. Subsequently, para-acetoxybenzyl-based prodrugs with additional ester promoiety(ies) on carboxylate(s) were examined for their ability to deliver 1 to plasma. Isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl (POC) ester 30 was the only prodrug that achieved substantial plasma levels of 1. In vitro metabolite identification studies confirmed stability of the ethyl ester of benzoate while the POC group was rapidly hydrolyzed. At oral daily dose-equivalent of 3 mg/kg, 12 exhibited analgesic efficacy comparable to dose of 10 mg/kg of 1 in the rat chronic constrictive injury model of neuropathic pain.
- MeSH
- analgetika chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- esterifikace MeSH
- glutamátkarboxypeptidasa II antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kyseliny hydroxamové chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neuralgie farmakoterapie enzymologie MeSH
- objevování léků MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- prekurzory léčiv chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Názvy látek
- analgetika MeSH
- glutamátkarboxypeptidasa II MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů MeSH
- kyseliny hydroxamové MeSH
- prekurzory léčiv MeSH
