In this study, a functionalized graphene oxide-cerium oxide nanocatalysts (FGCe) with varying graphene oxide (GO) contents were prepared using an in-situ reflux method. The prepared nanocatalysts showcased improvement in the crystallinity and BET surface area values with increasing GO contents. The efficacies of prepared catalysts were investigated towards oxidative pyrolysis of alkali lignin in an ethanol-water system. Among various nanocatalyst samples, the best lignin conversion (93 %) and bio-oil yield (86 %) were achieved using 50 mg FGCe nanocatalyst (0.5 wt% GO) at 423 K and 60 min. GC-MS and 1HNMR analyses were used to identify significant lignin conversion products, including 2-pentanone-4-hydroxy-4-methyl, 2-methoxyphenol, nonylcyclopropane, vanillin, apocynin, homovanollic acid, and benzoic acid. Kinetic studies revealed that the activation energy for lignin conversion was 24.36 kJ/mol at 423 K. Mechanistic investigations by density functional theory analysis revealed that the lignin breakdown occurred at oxygen bonds producing aromatic.
- Klíčová slova
- Alkali lignin, Cerium oxide, Density functional theory, Functionalized graphene oxide, Pyrolysis,
- MeSH
- alkálie chemie MeSH
- biopaliva MeSH
- dusík chemie MeSH
- grafit * chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- lignin * chemie MeSH
- nanostruktury chemie MeSH
- oleje rostlin MeSH
- oxidace-redukce * MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- polyfenoly MeSH
- pyrolýza * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkálie MeSH
- Bio-Oil MeSH Prohlížeč
- biopaliva MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- grafit * MeSH
- graphene oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
- lignin * MeSH
- oleje rostlin MeSH
- polyfenoly MeSH
Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials is hindered by the high costs of pretreatment and the enzymes. The present study aimed to evaluate whether co-cultivation of four selected cellulolytic fungi yields higher cellulase and xylanase activities compared to the monocultures and to investigate whether the enzymes from the co-cultures yield higher saccharification on selected plant materials without thermo-chemical pretreatment. The fungal isolates, Trichoderma reesei F118, Penicillium javanicum FS7, Talaromyces sp. F113, and Talaromyces pinophilus FM9, were grown as monocultures and binary co-cultures under submerged conditions for 7 days. The cellulase and xylanase activities of the culture filtrates were measured, and the culture filtrates were employed for the saccharification of sugarcane leaves, Guinea grass leaves, and water hyacinth stems and leaves. Total reducing sugars and individual sugars released from each plant material were quantified. The co-culture of Talaromyces sp. F113 with Penicillium javanicum FS7 and of T. reesei F118 with T. pinophilus FM9 produced significantly higher cellulase activities compared to the corresponding monocultures whereas no effect was observed on xylanase activities. Overall, the highest amounts of total reducing sugars and individual sugars were obtained from Guinea grass leaves saccharified with the co-culture of T. reesei F118 with T. pinophilus FM9, yielding 63.5% saccharification. Guinea grass leaves were found to be the most susceptible to enzymatic saccharification without pre-treatment, while water hyacinth stems and leaves were the least. Accordingly, the study suggests that fungal co-cultivation could be a promising approach for the saccharification of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioethanol production, Cellulases, Fungal co-cultures, Lignocellulosic materials, Saccharification, Xylanases,
- MeSH
- celulasa * metabolismus MeSH
- endo-1,4-beta-xylanasy metabolismus MeSH
- ethanol metabolismus MeSH
- Hypocreales enzymologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- kokultivační techniky * MeSH
- lignin * metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- Penicillium * enzymologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- Saccharum * mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- Talaromyces * enzymologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- celulasa * MeSH
- endo-1,4-beta-xylanasy MeSH
- ethanol MeSH
- lignin * MeSH
- lignocellulose MeSH Prohlížeč
As an evolutionary achievement of almost all terrestrial plants, lignin biosynthesis is essential for various mechanical and physiological processes. Possible effects of plant cell wall lignification on large-scale vegetation distribution are, however, not yet fully understood. Here, we present double-stained, wood anatomical stem measurements of 207 perennial herbs (Potentilla pamirica Wolf), which were collected between 5550 and 5850 m asl on the north-western Tibetan Plateau in Ladakh, India. We also measured changes in situ root zone and surface air temperatures along the sampling gradient and applied piecewise structural equation models to assess direct and indirect relationships between the age and size of plants, the degree of cell wall lignification in their stems, and the elevation at which they were growing. Based on the world's highest-occurring vascular plants, the Pamir Cinquefoils, we demonstrate that the amount of lignin in the secondary cell walls decreases significantly with increasing elevation (r = -0.73; p < 0.01). Since elevation is a proxy for temperature, our findings suggest a thermal constrain on lignin biosynthesis at the cold range limit of woody plant growth.
- Klíčová slova
- Tibetan Plateau, alpine ecology, dendrochronology, plant growth, treeline research, wood anatomy,
- MeSH
- buněčná stěna * metabolismus MeSH
- dřevo * anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus anatomie a histologie MeSH
- lignin * metabolismus MeSH
- nadmořská výška MeSH
- Potentilla metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- stonky rostlin metabolismus anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- teplota * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- lignin * MeSH
Halophilic bacteria are extremophiles that thrive in saline environment. Their ability to withstand such harsh conditions makes them an ideal choice for industrial applications such as lignocellulosic biomass degradation. In this study, a halophilic bacterium with the ability to produce extracellular cellulases and hemicellulases, designated as Nesterenkonia sp. CL21, was isolated from mangrove sediment in Tanjung Piai National Park, Malaysia. Thus far, studies on lignocellulolytic enzymes concerning bacterial species under this genus are limited. To gain a comprehensive understanding of its lignocellulose-degrading potential, the whole genome was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The genome of strain CL21 was assembled into 25 contigs with 3,744,449 bp and a 69.74% GC content and was predicted to contain 3,348 coding genes. Based on taxonomy analysis, strain CL21 shares 73.8 to 82.0% average nucleotide identity with its neighbouring species, below the 95% threshold, indicating its possible status as a distinct species in Nesterenkonia genus. Through in-depth genomic mining, a total of 81 carbohydrate-active enzymes were encoded. Among these, 24 encoded genes were identified to encompass diverse cellulases (GH3), xylanases (GH10, GH11, GH43, GH51, GH127 and CE4), mannanases (GH38 and GH106) and pectinases (PL1, PL9, and PL11). The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes was tested in the presence of several substrates. This study revealed that strain CL21 can produce a diverse array of enzymes which are active at different time points. By combining experimental data with genomic information, the ability of strain CL21 to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes has been elucidated, with potential applications in biorefinery industry.
- Klíčová slova
- Nesterenkonia, Genomics, Halophiles, Lignocellulolytic enzymes,
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- celulasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genom bakteriální * MeSH
- genomika * MeSH
- geologické sedimenty mikrobiologie MeSH
- glykosidhydrolasy * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lignin * metabolismus MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- zastoupení bazí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- celulasy MeSH
- glykosidhydrolasy * MeSH
- hemicellulase MeSH Prohlížeč
- lignin * MeSH
- lignocellulose MeSH Prohlížeč
- RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
Pod dehiscence facilitates seed dispersal in wild legumes while indehiscence is a key domestication trait in cultivated ones. However, the evolutionary genetic mechanisms underlying its diversity are largely unclear. In this study, we compared transcriptomes of two warm-season (Glycine spp. and Phaseolus spp.) and two cool-season (Pisum spp. and Medicago ruthenica) legumes in analysis of dehiscent and indehiscent pod genotypes. Differentially expressed genes in AP2/ERF-like transcription factors and seven structural gene families, including lactoperoxidase, laccase, and cellulose synthase-interactive proteins, which are involved in secondary cell wall component accumulation, were identified to exert key roles in pod dehiscence variation. In accordance with this, higher lignin and cellulose contents were observed in pod secondary cell wall of dehiscent accessions of soybean and pea; however, the variation patterns of lignin polymers in soybean (accumulation) and pea (proportion) differed between dehiscent and indehiscent pods. Moreover, genome-wide comparative analysis revealed that orthogroups represented <1% of all identified differentially expressed genes could be traced among the four genera of legumes, while recruiting paralogous members may constitute the genetic robustness of legume pod dehiscence. This study compared the genetic mechanism among several legumes in pod dehiscence formation and revealed a compensating role of paralogous redundancy of involved gene families in seed dispersal, which can guide crop breeding.
- Klíčová slova
- domestication, gene expression, genetic basis, legumes, lignin, pod dehiscence,
- MeSH
- buněčná stěna metabolismus genetika MeSH
- Fabaceae * genetika MeSH
- lignin metabolismus MeSH
- multigenová rodina MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika MeSH
- semena rostlinná genetika MeSH
- transkriptom MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- lignin MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny MeSH
Marine fouling poses significant challenges to the efficiency and longevity of marine engineering equipment. To address this issue, developing effective marine antifouling coatings is critical to ensure the economic viability, environmental sustainability, and safety of offshore operations. In this study, we developed an innovative green antifouling and wear-resistant coating based on lignin, a renewable and sustainable resource. Lignin is considered environmentally friendly because it is abundant, biodegradable, and reduces reliance on petroleum-based materials. The coating was formulated with a controlled hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic ratio of 2:8, leveraging lignin's unique properties. Applying lignin increased the water contact angle by 14.5 %, improving surface hydrophobicity and contributing to the coating's antifouling efficacy. Moreover, the mechanical strength of the coating was enhanced by approximately 200 %, significantly boosting its durability in harsh marine environments. Additionally, the friction coefficient was reduced by about 85 %, further preventing organism adhesion. These results demonstrate that lignin-based coatings offer a greener alternative to traditional antifouling solutions. The results of this study not only help advance antifouling coating technology but are also consistent with the broader goal of promoting environmental responsibility in marine engineering practice.
- Klíčová slova
- Antifouling, Coating, Lignin, Polyurethane,
- MeSH
- aceton * chemie MeSH
- bioznečištění * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce * MeSH
- lignin * chemie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- rozpouštědla chemie MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- technologie zelené chemie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aceton * MeSH
- lignin * MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
This paper, for the first time, presents a potential application of titanium(IV) oxide and silicon(IV) oxide combined with lignin through a solvent-free mechanical process as admixtures for cement composites. The designed TiO2-SiO2 (1:1 wt./wt.) hybrid materials mixed with lignin were extensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrokinetic potential analysis, thermal analysis (TGA/DTG), and porous structure properties. In addition, particle size distributions and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to evaluate morphological and microstructural properties. In the next step, the effect of the TiO2-SiO2/lignin hybrid admixture on the workability, hydration process, microstructure, porosity, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of the cement composites was evaluated. It was observed that appropriately designed hybrid systems based on lignin contributed to better workability, with an improvement of 25 mm, and reduced porosity of cement composites, decreasing from 14.4 % to 13.3 % in the most favorable sample. Additionally, a higher microstructure density was observed, and with increasing amounts of hybrid material admixture, the mechanical parameters also improved. In addition, the TiO2-SiO2/lignin hybrid systems had significant potential due to their high microbial purity, suggesting their effectiveness in minimizing microbial accumulation on surfaces. The final stage of analysis involved employing response surface methodology (RSM) to ascertain the optimum composition of cement composites. The results obtained indicate that the TiO2-SiO2/lignin admixtures are a promising approach for the valorization of lignin waste flows in the design of cement composites.
- Klíčová slova
- Cement composites, Hybrid materials, Lignin, TiO(2)–SiO(2) oxide system,
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- konstrukční materiály MeSH
- lignin * chemie MeSH
- oxid křemičitý chemie MeSH
- poréznost MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- titan chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antiinfekční látky MeSH
- lignin * MeSH
- oxid křemičitý MeSH
- titan MeSH
- titanium dioxide MeSH Prohlížeč
In root research, hydroponic plant cultivation is commonly used and soil experiments are rare. We investigated the response of 12-day-old barley roots, cultivated in soil-filled rhizotrons, to different soil water potentials (SWP) comparing a modern cultivar (cv. Scarlett) with a wild accession ICB181243 from Pakistan. Water potentials were quantified in soils with different relative water contents. Root anatomy was studied using histochemistry and microscopy. Suberin and lignin amounts were quantified by analytical chemistry. Transcriptomic changes were observed by RNA-sequencing. Compared with control with decreasing SWP, total root length decreased, the onset of endodermal suberization occurred much closer towards the root tips, amounts of suberin and lignin increased, and corresponding biosynthesis genes were upregulated in response to decreasing SWP. We conclude that decreasing water potentials enhanced root suberization and lignification, like osmotic stress experiments in hydroponic cultivation. However, in soil endodermal cell suberization was initiated very close towards the root tip, and root length as well as suberin amounts were about twofold higher compared with hydroponic cultivation.
- Klíčová slova
- apoplastic root barrier, lignin, soil water potential, soil water stress, soil‐grown barley root, suberin,
- MeSH
- dehydratace MeSH
- hydroponie * MeSH
- ječmen (rod) * genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin * metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- lignin metabolismus MeSH
- lipidy analýza biosyntéza MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- voda * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- lignin MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- suberin MeSH Prohlížeč
- voda * MeSH
To investigate the effect of stalk type on the metallization degrees in FeCl3-derived magnetic biochar (MBC), MBC was synthesized via an impregnation-pyrolysis method using six different stalks. The Fe0 content in MBC significantly influenced its magnetic properties and ostensibly governed its catalytic capabilities. Analysis of the interaction between stalks and FeCl3 revealed that the variation in metallization degrees, resulting from FeCl2 decomposition (6.1%) and stalk-mediated reduction (20.7%), was directly responsible for the observed differences in MBC metallization. The presence of oxygen-containing functional groups and fixed carbon appeared to promote metallization in MBC induced by reduction. A series of statistical analyses indicated that the cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content of the stalks were key factors contributing to differences in MBC metallization degrees. Further exploration revealed that hemicellulose and cellulose were more effective than lignin in enhancing metallization through FeCl2 decomposition and reduction. Constructing stalk models demonstrated that the variance in the content of these three biomass components across the six stalk types could lead to differences in the metallization degree attributable to reduction and FeCl2 decomposition, thereby affecting the overall metallization degree of MBC. A prediction model for MBC metallization degree was developed based on these findings. Moreover, the elevated Si content in some stalks facilitated the formation of Fe2(SiO4), which subsequently impeded the reduction process. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the informed selection of stalk feedstocks in the production of FeCl3-derived MBC.
- Klíčová slova
- Different stalk, FeCl(3)-Derived magnetic biochar, Metallization degree, Reduction reaction, TG-MS,
- MeSH
- celulosa chemie MeSH
- chloridy * chemie MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * chemie MeSH
- lignin chemie MeSH
- polysacharidy MeSH
- pyrolýza * MeSH
- železité sloučeniny * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
- celulosa MeSH
- chloridy * MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
- ferric chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
- hemicellulose MeSH Prohlížeč
- lignin MeSH
- polysacharidy MeSH
- železité sloučeniny * MeSH
Lignocellulose is a major biopolymer in plant biomass with a complex structure and composition. It consists of a significant amount of high molecular aromatic compounds, particularly vanillin, syringeal, ferulic acid, and muconic acid, that could be converted into intracellular metabolites such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a key component of bioplastic production. Several pre-treatment methods were utilized to release monosaccharides, which are the precursors of the relevant pathway. The consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose-capable microbes for biomass depolymerization was discussed in this study. Carbon can be stored in a variety of forms, including PHAs, PHBs, wax esters, and triacylglycerides. From a biotechnology standpoint, these compounds are quite adaptable due to their precursors' utilization of hydrogen energy. This study lays the groundwork for the idea of lignocellulose valorization into value-added products through several significant dominant pathways.
- Klíčová slova
- bioplastics production, consolidated bioprocessing, kitchen waste, lignocellulose depolymerization, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), renewable aromatics,
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- biopolymery chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lignin * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- odpadní produkty MeSH
- polyhydroxyalkanoáty chemie biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- potraviny MeSH
- ztráty potravin a plýtvání s nimi MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biopolymery MeSH
- lignin * MeSH
- lignocellulose MeSH Prohlížeč
- odpadní produkty MeSH
- polyhydroxyalkanoáty MeSH
- ztráty potravin a plýtvání s nimi MeSH
