Newborn screening (NBS) is an important part of public healthcare systems in many countries. The provision of information to parents about NBS is now recognised as an integral part of the screening process. Informing parents on all aspects of screening helps to achieve the benefits, promote trust and foster support for NBS. Therefore, policies and guidelines should exist to govern how the information about NBS is provided to parents, taking into account evidence-based best practices. The purpose of our survey was to explore whether any legally binding provisions, guidelines or recommendations existed pertaining to the provision of information about NBS to parents across Europe. Questions were designed to determine the regulatory process of when, by whom and how parents should be informed about screening. Twenty-seven countries participated in the survey. The results indicated that most countries had some sort of legal framework or guidelines for the provision of information to parents. However, only 37% indicated that the provision of information was required prenatally. The majority of countries were verbally informing parents with the aid of written materials postnatally, just prior to sample collection. Information was provided by a neonatologist, midwife or nurse. A website dedicated to NBS was available for 67% of countries and 89% had written materials about NBS for parents. The survey showed that there is a lack of harmonisation among European countries in the provision of information about NBS and emphasised the need for more comprehensive guidelines at the European level.
- MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- genetické testování zákonodárství a právo normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- novorozenecký screening zákonodárství a právo normy MeSH
- organizační politika * MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rodiče * MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- zveřejnění zákonodárství a právo normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases among the European working age population, as well as the implications for the individual and societal level, underline the need for policy guidelines targeting the effective inclusion of persons with chronic diseases in the workplace. The aim of the present paper was to explore the perspectives of European and National-level stakeholders on existing strategies for work re-integration of persons with chronic diseases, and to provide policy guidelines. A highly-structured interview protocol was distributed to 58 National level stakeholders (policy makers, professionals and employers) from seven European countries. Additionally, 20 European organizations concerned with health-related issues and employment completed an online survey. The findings reveal that employment-related challenges remain largely unaddressed. Both national and European stakeholders considered the existing legislative frameworks inadequate and appraised the co-ordination for the implementation of employment re-integration policies as ineffective. Policies targeting at work re-integration of persons with chronic diseases at European and national level should focus on consistent cooperation among all key stakeholders, awareness raising to staff and management, dissemination of effective strategies, developing research and evaluation standards and establishing monitoring systems on inclusive labour markets.
- Klíčová slova
- European stakeholders, chronic diseases, national stakeholders, perspectives, policy guidelines, work inclusion, work re-integration,
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc epidemiologie rehabilitace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- návrat do práce zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- organizační politika MeSH
- pracoviště zákonodárství a právo normy MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- výběr pracovníků zákonodárství a právo normy MeSH
- zaměstnanost zákonodárství a právo normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
BACKGROUND: In spite of the number of studies available in the field and policy documents developed both at the national and the international levels, there is no reliable data available regarding the variation of roles occupied by clinical mentors (CMs) across countries. OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare the CM's role; responsibilities; qualifications; employment requirements and experience in undergraduate nurse education as enacted in 11 European Union (EU) and non- EU countries. DESIGN: A case study design. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A panel of expert nurse educators from 11 countries within and outside of the EU (Croatia, Czech Republic, England, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and the USA). METHODS: A questionnaire containing both quantitative and qualitative questions was developed and agreed by the panel using a Nominal Group Technique (NGT); four cycles of data collection and analysis were conducted involving key experts in nursing education in each country. RESULTS: In all countries, there are at least two types of clinical mentorship dedicated to undergraduate nursing students: the first is offered by higher education institutions, and the second is offered by health care providers. Variation was noted in terms of profile, responsibilities and professional requirements to act as a CM; however, the CM role is mainly carried out by registered nurses, and in most countries there are no special requirements in terms of education and experience. Those who act as CMs at the bedside continue to manage their usual caseload, thus the role adds to their work burden. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst it is imperative to have respect for the different national traditions in undergraduate nurse education, the globalisation of the nursing workforce and greater opportunities for student mobility during the course of their undergraduate education suggests that in areas such as clinical mentorship, jurisdictions, particularly within the EU, should work towards greater system harmonisation.
- Klíčová slova
- Clinical mentor, European countries, Nursing education, Placement, Standard of nursing clinical education,
- MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- organizační politika MeSH
- školitelé * MeSH
- studium ošetřovatelství bakalářské organizace a řízení MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Biopharmaceuticals (BPs) represent a rapidly growing class of approved and investigational drug therapies that is contributing significantly to advancing treatment in multiple disease areas, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, genetic deficiencies and cancer. Unfortunately, unwanted immunogenic responses to BPs, in particular those affecting clinical safety or efficacy, remain among the most common negative effects associated with this important class of drugs. To manage and reduce risk of unwanted immunogenicity, diverse communities of clinicians, pharmaceutical industry and academic scientists are involved in: interpretation and management of clinical and biological outcomes of BP immunogenicity, improvement of methods for describing, predicting and mitigating immunogenicity risk and elucidation of underlying causes. Collaboration and alignment of efforts across these communities is made difficult due to lack of agreement on concepts, practices and standardized terms and definitions related to immunogenicity. The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI; www.imi-europe.org), ABIRISK consortium [Anti-Biopharmaceutical (BP) Immunization Prediction and Clinical Relevance to Reduce the Risk; www.abirisk.eu] was formed by leading clinicians, academic scientists and EFPIA (European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations) members to elucidate underlying causes, improve methods for immunogenicity prediction and mitigation and establish common definitions around terms and concepts related to immunogenicity. These efforts are expected to facilitate broader collaborations and lead to new guidelines for managing immunogenicity. To support alignment, an overview of concepts behind the set of key terms and definitions adopted to date by ABIRISK is provided herein along with a link to access and download the ABIRISK terms and definitions and provide comments (http://www.abirisk.eu/index_t_and_d.asp).
- Klíčová slova
- ABIRISK consortium, anti-drug antibodies, biopharmaceuticals, immunogenicity,
- MeSH
- alergologie a imunologie normy MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl organizace a řízení normy MeSH
- léková alergie imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- léky zkušební škodlivé účinky normy terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- organizační inovace MeSH
- organizační politika MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- směrnice jako téma normy MeSH
- terminologie jako téma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- léky zkušební MeSH
As the appearance and spread of antibiotic resistance is becoming an increasingly serious public health problem, there is a definite need for further studies by simulation, experiment and observation. Mathematical models may provide very useful tools to develop a rationale to extend the effective life of existing and newly introduced antimicrobial agents. In this work we systematically reviewed a number of mathematical models recently presented in the literature, in order to provide a brief and informative tool for public health policy makers, regarding the spread of antibiotic resistance, worldwide.
- MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků genetika patogenita MeSH
- bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie přenos MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika MeSH
- biologické modely * MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí farmakoterapie mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- kontrola infekce * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matematické výpočty počítačové MeSH
- organizační politika MeSH
- spotřeba léčiv * MeSH
- superinfekce mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence * MeSH
- hodnocení spotřeby léčiv organizace a řízení MeSH
- kontrola infekce organizace a řízení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- organizační politika MeSH
- řízení nemocnice MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- komentáře MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- MeSH
- kojení * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocnice * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- organizační politika * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- kojení * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocnice * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- organizační politika * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- MeSH
- kojení * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocnice * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- organizační politika * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
