The small airways, also referred to as the lung's silent zone, are closely associated with poor symptom control and more frequent asthma exacerbations. The oscillometry technique superimposes sound or airwaves onto normal tidal breathing and provides information on resistance and reactance, that is, obstacles to airflow occurring inside and outside of the bronchi. More recently, a management paradigm based on so-called "treatable traits" has been proposed to personalize and improve asthma care for individuals by proactively identifying and targeting modifiable pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and behavioral traits affecting asthma control. In this review article, we evaluate the literature on small airways dysfunction as a potential treatable trait in persistent asthma. In particular, we discuss whole- and intrabreath oscillometry and the impact of extrafine inhaled corticosteroids and systemic biologics on the peripheral airways.

• MeSH
• antiastmatika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bronchiální astma * patofyziologie   farmakoterapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oscilometrie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiastmatika MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study compared Doppler and oscillometric (PetMAP+) devices (with or without proprietary optimisations) for the non-invasive measurement of blood pressure in conscious cats. METHODS: Twenty-three cats were enrolled; however, five were excluded as fewer than five measurements were obtained for each assessment. All measurements were obtained according to American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus guidelines. Oscillometric device modes A and B were operated according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Doppler and oscillometric devices were used alternately as the first device. RESULTS: Systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) measurements were obtained by Doppler (SAPd) and oscillometry; the mean of each set of five values was used for statistical analysis. There was a significant difference between SAPd and SAP measurements in oscillometric modes A (P <0.001) and B (P <0.001). While both modes measured SAP higher than SAPd, B had a smaller bias (+15.72 mmHg) and narrower limits of agreement (LOA). There was also a significant difference between SAPd and mean arterial pressure (MAP) on oscillometric modes A (P = 0.002) and B (P <0.001). Both modes' MAP readings were lower than SAPd and oscillometric A MAP was closer to SAPd (-14.94 mmHg), with a smaller bias and narrower LOA. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings support that Doppler and oscillometric devices cannot be used interchangeably, with or without proprietary optimisations. Methodology should always be taken into account and reference intervals (RIs) need to be defined for the different methodologies. Until methodology-specific RIs are published, definitive diagnosis of hypertension and sub-staging of patients with kidney disease according to the International Renal Interest Society guidelines remains challenging.

• Klíčová slova
• Feline, NIBP, blood pressure, hypertension, indirect,
• MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku * veterinární   MeSH
• monitory krevního tlaku MeSH
• oscilometrie veterinární   MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská veterinární   MeSH
• ultrazvuk * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Before arterial cannulation for invasive blood pressure monitoring, clinical decision-making depends on non-invasive blood pressure in critically ill patients. Whether non-invasive blood pressure is comparable to invasive measurement is not clearly elucidated. We address this issue as it relates to the use of norepinephrine in patients with cardiogenic shock. METHODS: We analysed invasive and non-invasive blood pressure in 85 patients admitted to the Coronary-Care Unit for cardiogenic shock. We compared initial blood pressure measurement (just after radial artery cannulation) and blood pressure taken during the first 72 hours after admission. Invasive blood pressure was used as the reference method. RESULTS: Initial invasive mean and systolic arterial pressures were in a good agreement with oscillometric blood pressure; mean differences were -0.4 ± 8.8 and +6.1 ± 14.4 mmHg with correlation coefficients of 0.76 and 0.74. Doses of norepinephrine were significant negative determinants of invasive/oscillometric blood pressure differences. The invasive/oscillometric mean arterial pressures and SBP differences were +0.1 ± 3.4 and 7.6 ± 1.6 mmHg in patients treated with nothing or a maximum norepinephrine dose of 0.6 µg/kg/min. However, treatment with very high doses of norepinephrine was associated with a steep rise in mean arterial pressures and SBP invasive/oscillometric differences (-9.5 ± 3.3 and -8.5 ± 5.2 mmHg). In a total of 967 sets of blood pressure measurements, invasive/oscillometric differences were relatively stable across blood pressure categories, with the exception of measurements assessed after very high norepinephrine doses. CONCLUSIONS: Non-invasive BP is a sufficient substitute for invasive measurement in cardiogenic shock patients, with the exception of those receiving very high doses of norepinephrine.

• MeSH
• arteriální tlak MeSH
• kardiogenní šok patofyziologie   MeSH
• katetrizace MeSH
• krevní tlak účinky léků   MeSH
• kritický stav MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku metody   MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí MeSH
• noradrenalin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• oscilometrie metody   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vazokonstriktory aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• noradrenalin MeSH
• vazokonstriktory MeSH

Aim: We analyzed to what extent measurement protocol influenced individual blood pressure (BP) and achievement of treatment target in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: In a subsample of Czech EUROASPIRE III-V survey participants (n = 913), we compared the per-protocol BP measurement (by automated oscillometric device OMRON at the beginning of survey procedure) with control auscultatory measurement (by physician during interview). Results: Per-protocol approach produced significantly (p < 0.0001) higher BP values (by 9/6 mmHg in median) than auscultatory measurements and led to markedly higher proportion of patients over target BP (less than 140/90 mmHg; 59.3 vs 34.9% [p < 0.0001], per-protocol vs auscultatory technique, respectively). Conclusion: Per-protocol oscillometric technique was not equivalent to conventional auscultatory measurement and seriously over-rated the real nonachievement of BP target in observational surveys.

• Klíčová slova
• EUROASPIRE, auscultatory, automated oscillometric, coronary heart disease, treatment target adherence, unattended automated oscillometric,
• MeSH
• klinické protokoly MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku metody   MeSH
• oscilometrie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Although invasively measured blood pressure (invBP) is regarded as a "gold standard" in critically ill cardiac patients, the non-invasive BP is still widely used, at least at the initiation of medical care. The erroneous interpretation of BP can lead to clinical errors. We therefore investigated the agreement of both methods with respect to some common clinical situation. METHODS: We included 85 patients hospitalized for cardiogenic shock. We measured BP every 6 h for the first 72 h of hospitalization, in all patients. Each set of BP measurements included two invasive (invBP), two auscultatory (auscBP), and two oscillometric (oscBP) BP measurements. InvBP was considered as a gold standard. Mean non-invasive arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated as (diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure ÷ 3)). We used Bland-Altman analysis and we calculated concordance correlation coefficients to assess agreement between different BP methods. RESULTS: We obtained 967 sets of BP measurements. AuscMAP and oscMAP were on average only 0.4 ± 8.2 and 1.8 ± 8.5 mmHg higher than invMAP, respectively. On the other hand, auscSBP and oscSBP were on average - 6.1 ± 11.4 and - 4.1 ± 9.8 mmHg lower than invSBP, respectively. However, the mean differences and variability for systolic and diastolic BP variability were large; the 2 standard deviation differences were ± 24 and 18 mmHg. In hypotension, non-invasive BP tended to be higher than invBP while the opposite was true for high BP values. Clinical conditions associated with hypotension generally worsened the accuracy of non-invasive MAP. CONCLUSIONS: Mean arterial pressure measured non-invasively appears to be in good agreement with invasive MAP in patients admitted for cardiogenic shock. Several clinical associated with hypotension can affect accuracy of non-invasive measurement. Auscultatory and oscillometric measurements had similar accuracy even in patients with arrhythmia.

• Klíčová slova
• Auscultatory BP measurement, Blood pressure measurement, Oscillometric BP measurement, cardiogenic shock, invasive BP measurement,
• MeSH
• arteriální tlak * MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• kardiogenní šok diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku metody   MeSH
• oscilometrie MeSH
• poslech MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• příjem pacientů * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central defect in cells creating the Warburg and reverse Warburg effect cancers. However, the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer has not yet been clearly explained. Decrease of mitochondrial oxidative energy production to about 50 % in comparison with healthy cells may be caused by inhibition of pyruvate transfer into mitochondrial matrix and/or disturbed H+ ion transfer across inner mitochondrial membrane into cytosol. Lowering of the inner membrane potential and shifting of the working point of mitochondria to high values of pH above an intermediate point causes reorganization of the ordered water layer at the mitochondrial membrane. The reorganized ordered water layers at high pH values release electrons which are transferred to the cytosol rim of the layer. The electrons damp electromagnetic activity of Warburg effect cancer cells or fibroblasts associated with reverse Warburg effect cancer cells leading to lowered electromagnetic activity, disturbed coherence, increased frequency of oscillations and decreased level of biological functions. In reverse Warburg effect cancers, associated fibroblasts supply energy-rich metabolites to the cancer cell resulting in increased power of electromagnetic field, fluctuations due to shift of oscillations to an unstable nonlinear region, decreased frequency and loss of coherence.

• Klíčová slova
• Warburg effect, biological electromagnetic activity, cancer, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial membrane potential, water ordering,
• MeSH
• elektromagnetická pole * MeSH
• fibroblasty patologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie patologie   MeSH
• nádory patologie   MeSH
• oscilometrie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The goal of the research is to investigate the special effect of ovarian-menstrual cycle phases on the level of women's blood pressure and characteristics of Mayer waves. 77 women aged 18-19 were tested under condition close to the state of basal metabolism in follicular phase (I), ovulation (II) and luteal phase (III) of ovarian-menstrual cycle. In phases II and III, the increase of mean and diastolic blood pressure level, in comparison with phase I in the prone position at rest and with psycho-emotional loading, were observed. The distinctions between variation parameters of R-R interval duration, stroke volume and its synchronization in phases II and III, in comparison with phase I, were observed in the prone position at rest, during tilt-test and with psycho-emotional loading. The substantial level of relationship between the power of Mayer waves and mean and diastolic blood pressure, mainly in phase I under conditions of all types, is observed. The maximum peak amplitude of stroke volume spectrogram is associated with pressure levels in the range of 0.04-0.15 Hz (rho from -0.33 to -0.64). The obtained results indicate the possible participation of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity characteristics in keeping blood pressure level in women.

• MeSH
• baroreflex fyziologie   MeSH
• biologické hodiny fyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menstruační cyklus fyziologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• oscilometrie metody   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• tepový objem fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of the study was to analyze whether auscultatory normative values (Fourth Task Force [4TF]) can be applied to blood pressure (BP) obtained by oscillometric devices. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of oscillometric office BP and ambulatory BP monitoring in 229 children (116 boys), median age 15.31 years. Office systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) values were converted into Z scores using 4TF and oscillometric (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescent [KiGGS]) reference values. There was good correlation between the two normative methods (r=0.9773 for SBP, r=0.9627 for DBP). Results from Bland-Altman test revealed only minimal differences in Z scores between 4TF and KiGGS for SBP, but a significant proportional error for DBP. 4TF and KiGGS Z scores were equally predictive of ambulatory hypertension. In conclusion, auscultatory and oscillometric normative data are interchangeable for SBP but not for DBP.

• Klíčová slova
• auscultatory normative values, blood pressure, children, oscillometric normative values,
• MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování krevního tlaku metody   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku metody   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oscilometrie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• poslech přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The SD1 and SD2 indexes (standard deviations in two orthogonal directions of the Poincaré plot) carry similar information to the spectral density power of the high and low frequency bands but have the advantage of easier calculation and lesser stationarity dependence. METHODS: ECG signals from metabolic syndrome (MetS) and control group patients during tilt table test under controlled breathing (20 breaths/minute) were obtained. SD1, SD2, SDRR (standard deviation of RR intervals) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences of RR intervals) were evaluated for 31 control group and 33 MetS subjects. RESULTS: Statistically significant lower values were observed in MetS patients in supine position (SD1: p=0.03, SD2: p=0.002, SDRR: p=0.006, RMSSD: p=0.01) and during tilt (SD2: p=0.004, SDRR: p=0.007). CONCLUSION: SD1 and SD2 combining the advantages of time and frequency domain methods, distinguish successfully between MetS and control subjects.

• Klíčová slova
• Poincaré plot, controlled breathing, heart rate variability, metabolic syndrome, tilt table test,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• diagnóza počítačová MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrokardiografie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• oscilometrie metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• srdeční arytmie diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

For teleost fish fertilisation, sperm must proceed through a small opening on the egg surface, referred to as the micropyle. In this paper, we have used boundary element simulations to explore whether the hydrodynamic attraction between sperm and a fish egg can be a sperm guidance cue. Hydrodynamical egg-sperm interactions alone do not increase the chances of an egg encounter, nor do they induce surface swimming for virtual turbot fish sperm across smooth spheres with a diameter of 1mm, which is representative of a turbot fish egg. When a repulsive surface force between the virtual turbot sperm and the egg is introduced, as motivated by surface charge and van-der-Waals interactions for instance, we find that extended surface swimming of the virtual sperm across a model turbot egg occurs, but ultimately the sperm escapes from the egg. This is due to the small exit angle of the scattering associated with the initial sperm-egg interaction at the egg surface, leading to a weak drift away from the egg, in combination with a weak hydrodynamical attraction between both gametes, though the latter is not sufficient to prevent eventual escape. The resulting transience is not observed experimentally but is a detailed quantitative difference between theory and observation in that stable surface swimming is predicted for eggs with radii larger than about 1.8mm. Regardless, the extended sperm swimming trajectory across the egg constitutes a two-dimensional search for the micropyle and thus the egg is consistently predicted to provide a guidance cue for sperm once they are sufficiently close. In addition, the observation that the virtual turbot sperm swims stably next to a flat plane given repulsive surface interactions, but does not swim stably adjacent to a turbot-sized egg, which is extremely large by sperm-lengthscales, also highlights that the stability of sperm swimming near a boundary is very sensitive to geometry.

• Klíčová slova
• External fertilization, Fish egg, Low Reynolds number flow, Sperm guidance, Sperm motility,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• biofyzikální jevy MeSH
• hydrodynamika MeSH
• interakce spermie a vajíčka fyziologie   MeSH
• motilita spermií * MeSH
• oscilometrie MeSH
• platýsi fyziologie   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• spermie fyziologie   MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH