BACKGROUND: Lips are central to facial aesthetics, influencing overall balance and harmony. Ultrasound has become a key tool for assessing lip musculature and neurovascular structures, particularly in aesthetic filler injections. By enhancing precision and safety, ultrasound is valuable in procedures addressing age-related lip changes, yet standardized scanning protocols remain underexplored. AIMS: This review examined lip anatomy, summarized ultrasound applications in aesthetic procedures, introduced a structured scanning protocol, and highlighted its role in guiding filler injections. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted up to August 1, 2024, using keywords related to ultrasound and lip anatomy. Studies involving human subjects or cadavers using ultrasound for lip assessment and injection guidance were included, whereas nonhuman studies, alternative imaging methods, and research unrelated to the lip region were excluded. Six studies met the criteria. RESULTS: Ultrasound improves precision in lip injections by identifying key structures, including the superior and inferior labial arteries and the orbicularis oris muscle, reducing vascular risks. A structured scanning approach enhances procedural safety and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound is a valuable tool in aesthetic lip procedures, improving accuracy and minimizing complications. Further research is needed to refine protocols and establish ultrasound as a standard practice in lip augmentation.

• Klíčová slova
• aesthetic medicine, intervention, labial artery, mouth, ultrasonography,
• MeSH
• dermální výplně * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• estetika MeSH
• intervenční ultrasonografie * metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kosmetické techniky * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ret * diagnostické zobrazování   anatomie a histologie   krevní zásobení   MeSH
• stárnutí kůže MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dermální výplně * MeSH

IMPORTANCE: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. FINDINGS: In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts.

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• globální zátěž nemocemi * MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kvalitativně upravené roky života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hltanu * epidemiologie   MeSH
• ret MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• užívání tabáku epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

BACKGROUND: Although syringoma is a common benign tumour of the sudoriferous gland, there is also an extremely rare malignant form known as syringoid eccrine carcinoma (SEC). SEC usually exhibits slow growth with deep invasion and a frequent tendency to relapse. The treatment of choice is radical wide resection, which poses a difficult reconstructive problem, especially when the tumour is located in the centre of the face. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case, a 70-year-old man was diagnosed with an SEC at the same location as a benign syringoma of the upper lip and nasal base that had undergone primary excision 7 years prior. Primary radical resection was performed with immediate Abbé flap reconstruction. Nevertheless, histology revealed positive margins, and 3 additional re-excisions were needed to achieve clear margins. Four months after the initial resection, the patient had undergone an innovative reconstruction technique including not only the Abbé flap but also a turbinate flap harvested with functional endonasal surgery and a three-stage forehead flap. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a suspect malignant transformation of a benign syringoma after 7 years. In addition, from oncoplastic and reconstructive points of view, the bilateral use of the turbinate flap for reconstructing the intranasal lining of the alar base is unusual, and the use of functional endonasal surgery in nasal reconstruction for reducing the risk of damaging the vascular supply of the flap is innovative.

• Klíčová slova
• Functional endonasal surgery, Head and neck malignancy, Nasal reconstruction, Syringoid eccrine carcinoma, Turbinate flap,
• MeSH
• čelo chirurgie   MeSH
• karcinom * chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory kožních adnex MeSH
• nádory kůže MeSH
• nádory potních žláz * chirurgie   MeSH
• nosní skořepy chirurgie   MeSH
• ret chirurgie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• syringom * chirurgie   MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Free flap reconstructive surgery of middle size and large oral and facial defects enables aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. Microvascular flap reconstructive surgery, with flap survival success rate more than 90-98%, is a gold standard in head and neck extensive reconstructions. Currently, head and neck reconstructive surgery is focused not only on defect occlusion and adequate aesthetical result, but the same emphasize is aimed at functional result. Functional result post tongue and lip resection means defect occlusion with the possibility of movement restoration. Free gracilis muscle flap appears to be a choice for functional tongue and lip reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present 1-year experience with 5 microvascular flap functional reconstructions of middle size and large defects of tongue and lip with free gracilis muscle flap. Four patients post tongue resection and one post subtotal lower lip and cheek resection underwent immediate functional microvascular gracilis muscle flap reconstruction. RESULTS: All five patients were successfully reconstructed with functional free gracilis muscle flap, with no flap loss. We found gracilis muscle flap harvest is not technically demanding, provides adequate tissue volume for middle size orofacial defects reconstruction, with possibility for skin island harvest, and simple primary closure of donor site with very low morbidity. Patients after tongue reconstruction with free gracilis flap were swallowing spoon ood 1 week post operation. Patient after total lip resection and immediate reconstruction with free gracilis flap presented with oral competence before the discharge. The functional result in the group of patients with free gracilis flap reconstruction for orofacial defect will have to be further evaluated again after 2 years post operation considering the ability to swallow and articulate during the speech for the tongue reconstructions and the oral competence and facial mimic for the lip reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Microvascular gracilis muscle flap reconstruction compared to radial forearm flap reconstruction enables functional reconstruction of soft tissue defect. Functional reconstruction of soft tissue defects of tongue or lip with microvascular gracilis muscle flap appears to have advantage of adequate volume, very low donor side morbidity and expectancy of movement renewal compared to other microvascular flap reconstructive options such as anterolateral thigh flap, superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap, lateral arm free flap or deep inferior epigastric perforator free flap.

• Klíčová slova
• Orofacial defect, functional reconstruction, gracilis muscle, microvascular free flap,
• MeSH
• glosektomie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• musculus gracilis * krevní zásobení   MeSH
• ret * chirurgie   MeSH
• volné tkáňové laloky * MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of 3 different time protocols of cleft lip and palate operations on the growth of the dentoalveolar arch in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 64 plaster casts of 8-year-old boys with UCLP operated on according to 3 different time protocols: lip repair at the age of 6 months and palate repair at 4 years, lip repair at 3 months and palate repair at 9 months, and neonatal lip repair and palate repair at 9 months. The control group contained 13 plaster casts of 8-year-old boys. The dentoalveolar arch width was measured between deciduous canines and between the second deciduous molars; the length was measured between incisive papilla and the line connecting both tuber maxillae. RESULTS: All measured distances were statistically significantly smaller in boys with UCLP than in the control group. Intercanine width was not statistically significantly different between the patients operated on according to the different time protocols. In comparison to the lip repair at 6 months and palate repair at 4 years, the intermolar width was statistically significantly smaller in the group with neonatal lip repair; the alveolar arch length was statistically significantly shorter in both groups with lip repair performed neonatally or at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The length of the dentoalveolar arch is shorter after surgical repair of cleft lip neonatally or at the age of 3 months. Cleft palate repair at 9 months can contribute to a reduction in the width of the dentoalveolar arch.

• Klíčová slova
• cleft lip, cleft palate, dimension, hypoplasia, maxilla, operation timing,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ret * chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp patra * chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp rtu * chirurgie   MeSH
• zubní oblouk anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A lip cream with special propolis extract GH 2002 at a concentration of 0.5% (199 patients) was tested against aciclovir 5% (198 patients) in the treatment of episodes of herpes labialis under double-blind conditions. Upon inclusion, all patients were in the vesicular phase. Application was five times daily of approximately 0.2 g of cream to the entire upper and lower lip. The primary parameter was the difference in time between groups to complete encrustation or epithelization of the lesions. Secondary endpoints were the course of typical herpes symptoms (pain, burning and itching, tension and swelling), the global assessment of efficacy and the safety of application. The predefined clinical situation was reached after a (median) 3 days with propolis and 4 days with aciclovir (p < 0.0001). Significant differences in favor of propolis were also found for all secondary parameters. No allergic reactions, local irritations or other adverse events occurred.

Unter Doppelblindbedingungen wurde eine Lippencreme mit 0,5 % Propolis-Spezialextrakt GH 2002 (199 Patienten) gegen eine Creme mit 5 % Aciclovir (198 Patienten) bei der Behandlung von Episoden des Herpes labialis getestet. Bei Einschluss waren alle Patienten in der vesikulären Phase. Die Anwendung der Creme erfolgte 5‑mal täglich mit je etwa 0,2 g auf die gesamte Ober- und Unterlippe. Als primärer Endpunkt war der Gruppenunterschied in der Zeit bis zur vollständigen Verkrustung oder Epithelisierung der Läsionen definiert. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren der Verlauf der typischen Herpessymptome (Schmerzen, Brennen und Jucken, Spannung und Schwellung), die Gesamtbewertung der Wirksamkeit und die Anwendungssicherheit. Die vordefinierte klinische Situation wurde unter Propolis nach (im Median) 3 Tagen und mit Aciclovir nach 4 Tagen erreicht (p < 0,0001). Signifikante Unterschiede zugunsten von Propolis zeigten sich auch bei allen sekundären Endpunkten. Es traten weder allergische Reaktionen noch lokale Irritationen oder andere Nebenwirkungen auf.

• Klíčová slova
• Aciclovir, Herpes labialis, Lip sores, Propolis special extract,
• MeSH
• acyklovir terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antivirové látky * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• apiterapie metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• herpes labialis * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• propolis * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• ret MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acyklovir MeSH
• antivirové látky * MeSH
• propolis * MeSH

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare conventional and modified lip repositioning surgical techniques used for management of gummy smile involving hyperactive lip elevator muscles. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A prospective study was conducted between April 2016 and May 2017. Twenty two adult patients aged 18-38 years with gummy smile ranging from 4 to 6 mm because of soft tissue disorders were included in the study. All patients were treated in the oral and maxillofacial department at Damascus University. The sample was divided into two groups of 11 patients. The first group was treated by the conventional standard technique, and the second group treated by a modified study technique. The amount of gingival display in full smile was evaluated in both groups following each intervention. RESULTS: Both groups exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the measurement of gummy smile at month 1 and 6 postoperatively (P < .05), but there was no significant difference in gingival display at 3 months in either group postoperatively (P > .05). The recent study showed a significant difference in gingival display between 3 and 6 months postoperatively in group 1, but no significant difference in group 2. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the modified technique utilized in treating gummy smile has less relapse after surgery, shows excellent cosmesis and compared to the conventional technique, greater sustainability. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The recent increase in demand for an esthetic smile has led to the development a modification of conventional lip repositioning for correcting gummy smile by myotomy of lip elevator muscles. This modified technique offers less relapse and greater stability post-operatively than the conventional technique.

• Klíčová slova
• conventional technique, excessive gingival display, gummy smile, lip repositioning, modified technique,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• estetika stomatologická * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• ret * MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů MeSH
• usmívání se MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate facial asymmetry changes in pre-school patients with orofacial clefts after neonatal cheiloplasty and to compare facial asymmetry with age-matched healthy controls. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The sample consisted of patients with unilateral cleft lip (UCL), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). The patients were divided in two age groups with a mean age of 3 years (n = 51) and 4.5 years (n = 45), respectively, and 78 age-matched individuals as controls. Three-dimensional (3D) facial scans were analyzed using geometric morphometry and multivariate statistics. RESULTS: Geometric morphometry showed positive deviations from perfect symmetry on the right side of the forehead in the intervention groups and the controls. The UCL groups showed the greatest asymmetric nasolabial area on the cleft-side labia and the contralateral nasal tip. The UCLP group showed, moreover, asymmetry in buccal region due to typical maxillar hypoplasia, which was accentuated in the older group. The BCLP groups showed slightly similar but greater asymmetry than the control groups, except for the philtrum region. CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetry of each of the cleft groups significantly differed from the controls. Except for the buccal region in the UCLP and BCLP groups, asymmetry did not significantly increase with age.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D scanning, Asymmetry, Cleft, Geometric morphometry, Neonatal cheiloplasty,
• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje diagnóza   epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• obličej abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ret abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp patra komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp rtu komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study examined several methods used to estimate oral fissure position, lip margin position, and lip thickness recommended by Angel, George, Lebedinskaya, Taylor, Wilkinson et al., Balueva and Veselovskaya. A sample of 86 lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from central Europe were measured and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. The best estimation for oral fissure position was "opposite the lower ¾ mark of maxillary incisors" (error of 1.3 mm). Upper lip margin was predicted best by "upper ¼ mark of maxillary incisors" (error of 1.7 mm), and lower lip margin by "cementum-enamel junction of mandibular incisors" (error of 2.3 mm). The regression equations of Wilkinson et al. displayed least error (1.3 mm and 1.8 mm, respectively) for upper and lower lip thickness, and method of George (error of 3.4 mm) for total lip thickness.

• Klíčová slova
• accuracy test, facial approximation, forensic facial reconstruction, forensic science, lip thickness, oral fissure position, soft-tissue prediction,
• MeSH
• kefalometrie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezičelistní vztahy MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• ret anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• řezáky MeSH
• soudní antropologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Judgement of nasolabial aesthetics in cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a vital component of assessment of treatment outcome. It is usually performed based on two-dimensional (2D) facial photographs. An increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging warrants an assessment if 3D images can substitute 2D photographs during aesthetic evaluation. The aim of this study was to compare reliability of rating nasolabial appearance on 3D images and standard 2D photographs in prepubertal children. METHODS: Forty subjects (age: 8.8-12) with unilateral CLP treated according to a standardized protocol, who had 2D and 3D facial images were selected. Eight lay raters assessed nasal form, nasal deviation, vermilion border, and nasolabial profile on cropped 2D and 3D images using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Additionally, raters answer two questions: 1. Do 2D or 3D images provide more information on nasolabial aesthetics? and 2. Is aesthetic evaluation easier on 2D or 3D images? RESULTS: Intrarater agreement demonstrated a better reliability of ratings performed on 3D images than 2D images (correlation coefficients for 3D images ranged from 0.733 to 0.857; for 2D images from 0.151 to 0.611). The mean scores showed, however, no difference between 2D and 3D formats (>0.05). 3D images were regarded more informative than 2D images (P = 0.001) but probably more difficult to evaluate (P = 0.06). LIMITATIONS: Basal view of the nose was not assessed. CONCLUSIONS: 3D images seem better than 2D images for rating nasolabial aesthetics but raters should familiarize themselves with them prior to rating.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• estetika MeSH
• fotografování metody   MeSH
• fotogrammetrie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nos anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• ret anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• rozštěp patra patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp rtu patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• vizuální analogová stupnice MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie metody   MeSH
• získané deformity nosu patologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH