OBJECTIVES: Growing evidence supports the important role of 24-hour movement behaviours (MB) in preventing childhood obesity. However, research to understand the heterogeneity and variability of MB among individuals and what kind of typologies of individuals are at risk of developing obesity is lacking. To bridge this gap, this study identified typologies of 24-hour MB in children and adolescents and investigated their associations with adiposity indicators. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 374 children and 317 adolescents from the Czech Republic wore wrist-worn accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep was quantified using raw accelerometery data. Adiposity indicators included body mass index (BMI) z-score, fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Bias-adjusted latent profile analysis was used on the 24-hour MB data to identify MB typologies and their associations with adiposity indicators. The models were adjusted for potential confounders. The identified typologies were labelled to reflect the behavioural profiles of bees to aid interpretability for the general public. RESULTS: Two typologies were identified in children: highly active Workers characterised by high levels of MVPA and LPA, and inactive Queens characterised by low levels of MVPA and LPA, high levels of SB and longer sleep duration compared to Workers. In adolescents, an additional typology labelled as Drones was characterised by median levels of MVPA, LPA, SB and longest sleep duration. After controlling for covariates, we found that children labelled as Queens were associated with 1.38 times higher FM%, 1.43 times higher FMI, and 1.67 times higher VAT than Workers. In adolescents, Drones had 1.14 times higher FM% and Queens had 1.36 higher VAT in comparison with Workers, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the importance of promoting active lifestyles in children and adolescents to potentially reduce adiposity. These findings can provide insights for interventions aimed at promoting healthy MB and preventing childhood obesity.

• Klíčová slova
• Clusters, Obesity, Physical activity, Profiles, Sedentary behaviour, Sleep, Youth,
• MeSH
• adipozita * fyziologie   MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Our circadian world shapes much of metabolic physiology. In mice ∼40% of the light and ∼80% of the dark phase time is characterized by bouts of increased energy expenditure (EE). These ultradian bouts have a higher body temperature (Tb) and thermal conductance and contain virtually all of the physical activity and awake time. Bout status is a better classifier of mouse physiology than photoperiod, with ultradian bouts superimposed on top of the circadian light/dark cycle. We suggest that the primary driver of ultradian bouts is a brain-initiated transition to a higher defended Tb of the active/awake state. Increased energy expenditure from brown adipose tissue, physical activity, and cardiac work combine to raise Tb from the lower defended Tb of the resting/sleeping state. Thus, unlike humans, much of mouse metabolic physiology is episodic with large ultradian increases in EE and Tb that correlate with the active/awake state and are poorly aligned with circadian cycling.

• Klíčová slova
• Body temperature regulation, Brown adipose tissue, Contributors to energy expenditure, Physical activity and physical activity energy expenditure, Sleep/wake, Ultradian and circadian rhythms,
• MeSH
• bdění fyziologie   MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus * fyziologie   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus * fyziologie   MeSH
• fotoperioda * MeSH
• hnědá tuková tkáň metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná teplota * fyziologie   MeSH
• ultradiánní rytmus * fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Emotions experienced within sleep mentation (dreaming) affect mental functioning in waking life. There have been attempts at enhancing dream emotions using olfactory stimulation. Odors readily acquire affective value, but to profoundly influence emotional processing, they should bear personal significance for the perceiver rather than be generally pleasant. The main objective of the present sleep laboratory study was to examine whether prolonged nocturnal exposure to self-selected, preferred ambient room odor while asleep influences emotional aspects of sleep mentation and valence of post-sleep core affect. We asked twenty healthy participants (12 males, mean age 25 ± 4 years) to pick a commercially available scented room diffuser cartridge that most readily evoked positively valenced mental associations. In weekly intervals, the participants attended three sessions. After the adaptation visit, they were administered the odor exposure and odorless control condition in a balanced order. Participants were awakened five minutes into the first rapid eye movement (REM) stage that took place after 2:30 a.m. and, if they had been dreaming, they were asked to rate their mental sleep experience for pleasantness, emotional charge, and magnitude of positive and negative emotions and also to evaluate their post-sleep core affect valence. With rs < 0.20, no practically or statistically significant differences existed between exposure and control in any outcome measures. We conclude that in young, healthy participants, the practical value of olfactory stimulation with self-selected preferred scents for enhancement of dream emotions and post-sleep core affect valence is very limited.

• Klíčová slova
• Dreaming, Hedonic, Olfactory, REM, Smell,
• MeSH
• bdění fyziologie   MeSH
• čich fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odoranty * MeSH
• sny * fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• spánek REM fyziologie   MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Interictal biomarkers of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) and their use in machine learning models open promising avenues for improvement of epilepsy surgery evaluation. Currently, most studies restrict their analysis to short segments of intracranial EEG (iEEG). METHODS: We used 2381 hours of iEEG data from 25 patients to systematically select 5-minute segments across various interictal conditions. Then, we tested machine learning models for EZ localization using iEEG features calculated within these individual segments or across them and evaluated the performance by the area under the precision-recall curve (PRAUC). RESULTS: On average, models achieved a score of 0.421 (the result of the chance classifier was 0.062). However, the PRAUC varied significantly across the segments (0.323-0.493). Overall, NREM sleep achieved the highest scores, with the best results of 0.493 in N2. When using data from all segments, the model performed significantly better than single segments, except NREM sleep segments. CONCLUSIONS: The model based on a short segment of iEEG recording can achieve similar results as a model based on prolonged recordings. The analyzed segment should, however, be carefully and systematically selected, preferably from NREM sleep. SIGNIFICANCE: Random selection of short iEEG segments may give rise to inaccurate localization of the EZ.

• Klíčová slova
• Epilepsy, Seizure, iEEG,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * metody   MeSH
• elektrokortikografie metody   normy   MeSH
• epilepsie * patofyziologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek patofyziologie   MeSH
• stadia spánku fyziologie   MeSH
• strojové učení * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Sleep serves vital physiological functions, yet how sleep in wild animals is influenced by environmental conditions is poorly understood. Here we use high-resolution biologgers to investigate sleep in wild animals over ecologically relevant time scales and quantify variability between individuals under changing conditions. We developed a robust classification for accelerometer data and measured multiple dimensions of sleep in the wild boar (Sus scrofa) over an annual cycle. In support of the hypothesis that environmental conditions determine thermoregulatory challenges, which regulate sleep, we show that sleep quantity, efficiency and quality are reduced on warmer days, sleep is less fragmented in longer and more humid days, while greater snow cover and rainfall promote sleep quality. Importantly, this longest and most detailed analysis of sleep in wild animals to date reveals large inter- and intra-individual variation. Specifically, short-sleepers sleep up to 46% less than long-sleepers but do not compensate for their short sleep through greater plasticity or quality, suggesting they may pay higher costs of sleep deprivation. Given the major role of sleep in health, our results suggest that global warming and the associated increase in extreme climatic events are likely to negatively impact sleep, and consequently health, in wildlife, particularly in nocturnal animals.

• Klíčová slova
• biologging, double-hierarchical generalized mixed-effects models, pace-of-life syndrome, sleep ecology, wild boar,
• MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• spánek * fyziologie   MeSH
• Sus scrofa * fyziologie   MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Sleep symptoms, including excessive sleepiness, are frequently reported by patients with functional motor disorders (FMD). We aimed to classify the comorbid sleep disorders in FMD, and to investigate the relationship between subjective sleepiness and objective measures of hypersomnia, comparing them with data from people with central hypersomnia. A total of 37 patients (mean [SD] age 46.4 [11.2] years) with clinically definite FMD, and 17 patients (mean [SD] age 41.1 [11.6] years) with central hypersomnia underwent structured medical and sleep history, neurological examination, polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), and questionnaires assessing sleepiness, fatigue, and depression. In all, 23 patients with FMD (62%) reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Evidence of specific sleep disorders was identified in our cohort, with 35% having restless legs syndrome; 49% obstructive sleep apnea; and 8% periodic limb movements in sleep; however, the presence of these disorders was not correlated with subjective sleepiness. Patients with FMD with self-reported sleepiness reported higher fatigue (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.002), and had longer sleep latencies in the MSLT (p < 0.001) compared to the patients with central hypersomnia. No correlation was found between subjective and objective sleepiness in either group. Fatigue positively correlated with self-reported sleepiness in patients with FMD (p < 0.001). This study did not find objective correlates of increased sleepiness in patients with FMD. While sleep abnormalities were found to be common in FMD, they were not correlated with self-reports of excessive sleepiness. Positive correlations between self-reported sleepiness and fatigue support the current unified model of non-motor symptoms in FMD.

• Klíčová slova
• functional motor disorder, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), polysomnography, restless legs syndrome, sleep apnea, sleepiness,
• MeSH
• deprese epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• komorbidita * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• periodické pohyby končetinami ve spánku epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• polysomnografie * MeSH
• poruchy nadměrné spavosti * epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• poruchy spánku a bdění epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• somnolence MeSH
• spánková latence fyziologie   MeSH
• syndrom neklidných nohou patofyziologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• únava patofyziologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Sleep hygiene habits and self-reported sleep quality of those who work from home have yet to be fully understood. As working from home was widely implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, the period might be a convenient model for studying the measures, as mentioned earlier. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess sleep hygiene habits and self-reported sleep quality in people working from home in March 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic began. METHOD: This study was designed as a cross-sectional web-based survey. An anonymous questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables and questions about personal habits, e.g., exercise activities and caffeine consumption. The outcome measures to assess sleep hygiene and sleep quality were the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) before and after the home office (HO) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS: A total of 204 responses were received. The prevalence of significant sleep disturbance (PSQI > 5) was 51 %. The mean PSQI and SHI scores were 6.15±3.385 and 17.67±7.836, respectively. PSQI and SHI showed a significant mutual positive correlation at the level of significance p < 0.001. The total score for SHI was similar before and after working from home (p = 0.982). However, differences were observed in its components. CONCLUSION: The total score on SHI did not change when compared before and during HO. However, working from home was associated with sleep hygiene malpractice in some individual components of SHI. On the other hand, some aspects of sleep hygiene behavior improved during HO.

• Klíčová slova
• Insomnia, PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, home office, sleep hygiene index,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• spánková hygiena * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study aimed to investigate the effects of shift work on sleep quality, cardiovascular function, and physical activity (PA) levels in Taiwanese police officers. Twenty-one male police officers aged 26.9 ± 4.1 years old located in Taipei voluntarily participated in this study. The participants completed the resting heart rate (HR) and hemodynamic variables (e.g. blood pressure, BP) before and after day-time (DTW) and night-time (NTW) shift work phases (5 working days and 2 resting days for each phase). Additionally, an actigraphy was administered to measure PA and sleep patterns in the last 3 working days. The average total sleep time and sleep efficiency were 278.5 ± 79. 6 min and 72.9 ± 10%, respectively, in the NTW phases, which were significantly lower than that in the DTW phases. A comparison of the PA characteristics between the two phases revealed that a lower proportion of moderate-vigorous PA (1.2 ± 0.8%) and a greater proportion of sedentary behaviour PA (74.8 ± 6.4%) was found in the NTW phases. The results of hemodynamic measures demonstrated that the police officers have significantly elevated systolic BP by 3.3% and diastolic BP by 3.9% after the NTW phases. Furthermore, the NTW phases exhibited a significantly higher percentage change ratio of systolic BP and diastolic BP compared to the DTW phases. Compared with the DTW phases, the NTW phase was significantly more likely to report higher decreasing parasympathetic-related HR variability with a range of -5.9% to -7.8%. In conclusion, night-time shift work resulted in negative physiological changes leading to adverse effects on the health and well-being of Taiwanese police officers.

• Klíčová slova
• Circadian, heart rate variability, occupational health, physical activity, sleep,
• MeSH
• aktigrafie MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus * fyziologie   MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• krevní tlak * fyziologie   MeSH
• kvalita spánku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• policie * MeSH
• práce na směny MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence * fyziologie   MeSH
• vliv směnného provozu na zdraví * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Taiwan MeSH

Sleep and light education (SLE) combined with relaxation is a potential method of addressing sleep and affective problems in older people. 47 participants took part in a four-week sleep education program. SLE was conducted once a week for 60-90 minutes. Participants were instructed on sleep and light hygiene, sleep processes, and practiced relaxation techniques. Participants were wearing actigraphs for 6 weeks, completed daily sleep diaries, and wore blue light-blocking glasses 120 minutes before bedtime. Measures included scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and actigraphy measurements of sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep fragmentation. Sleep quality increased after SLE based on the subjective assessment and in the objective measurement with actigraphy. PSQI scores were statistically reduced indicating better sleep. Scores after the intervention significantly decreased in ESS and ISS. Sleep latency significantly decreased, whereas sleep efficiency and fragmentation index (%), did not improve. Mood significantly improved after SLE, with lower scores on the BDI-II and STAI. SLE combined with relaxation proved to be an effective method to reduce sleep problems and the incidence of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

• Klíčová slova
• Sleep hygiene, actigraph, education, light hygiene, senior sleep,
• MeSH
• afekt * fyziologie   MeSH
• aktigrafie MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie   MeSH
• deprese MeSH
• kvalita spánku MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• relaxace fyziologie   MeSH
• relaxační terapie metody   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spánek * fyziologie   MeSH
• světlo MeSH
• úzkost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Having multiple sleep problems is common in adulthood. Yet, most studies have assessed single sleep variables at one timepoint, potentially misinterpreting health consequences of co-occurring sleep problems that may change over time. We investigated the relationship between multidimensional sleep health across adulthood and mortality. METHODS: Participants from the Midlife in the United States Study reported sleep characteristics in 2004-2006 (MIDUS-2; M2) and in 2013-2014 (MIDUS-3; M3). We calculated a composite score of sleep health problems across 5 dimensions: Regularity, Satisfaction, Alertness, Efficiency, and Duration (higher = more problems). Two separate models for baseline sleep health (n = 5 140; median follow-up time = 15.3 years) and change in sleep health (n = 2 991; median follow-up time = 6.4 years) to mortality were conducted. Cox regression models controlled for sociodemographics and key health risk factors (body mass index, smoking, depressive symptoms, diabetes, and hypertension). RESULTS: On average, 88% of the sample reported having one or more sleep health problems at M2. Each additional sleep health problem at M2 was associated with 12% greater risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.21), but not heart disease-related mortality (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.99-1.31). An increase in sleep health problems from M2 to M3 was associated with 27% greater risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.005-1.59), and 153% greater risk of heart disease mortality (HR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.37-4.68). CONCLUSIONS: More sleep health problems may increase the risk of early mortality. Sleep health in middle and older adulthood is a vital sign that can be assessed at medical checkups to identify those at greater risk.

• Klíčová slova
• Aging, Cardiovascular, Hazard ratio, Midlife, Mortality, Sleep health,
• MeSH
• hypertenze * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy spánku a bdění * komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spánek MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké epidemiologie   MeSH