BACKGROUND: Celosia argentea is a widely recognized plant for its ornamental qualities and therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. As demand for such multipurpose plants grows, enhancing its phenotypic and physiological traits could further expand its commercial potential. Polyploidization, particularly through chemical treatments like oryzalin, offers a method to induce genetic variation and potentially improve desirable traits in plants. RESULTS: Tetraploid (2n = 4×= 36) nodal segments of C. argentea were treated with oryzalin under in vitro conditions, resulting in successful induction of octoploidy (2n = 8×= 72). Flow cytometry and chromosome counting confirmed polyploidization, with the highest induction rate achieved using 40 µM oryzalin for 24 h. Comparative analyses between octoploid and tetraploid plants revealed significant differences in morphological traits, including increased stem and leaf thickness, larger leaf area, inflorescence characteristics and more compact growth in the octoploids. Additionally, octoploids exhibited enhanced chlorophyll content and altered photosynthetic characteristics, along with notable changes in stomatal size and density. Ploidy stability was maintained across generations, ensuring the heritability of the induced traits. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro polyploidization in C. argentea led to significant phenotypic and physiological improvements, demonstrating its potential for application in ornamental horticulture and plant breeding. This research contributes to the understanding of the impact of in vitro polyploidization on plant development, offering insights for the commercial cultivation and enhancement of C. argentea. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

• Klíčová slova
• Chromosome doubling, Cockscomb, Crop improvement, Offspring stability, Oryzalin, Polyploid induction, Polyploidization,
• MeSH
• Celosia * genetika   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• dinitrobenzeny farmakologie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fotosyntéza * MeSH
• listy rostlin genetika   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• polyploidie * MeSH
• sulfanilamidy MeSH
• tetraploidie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl MeSH
• dinitrobenzeny MeSH
• oryzalin MeSH Prohlížeč
• sulfanilamidy MeSH

The presence of pharmaceuticals in nature systems poses a threat to the environment, plants, animals, and, last but not least, human health. Their transport in soils, waters, and sediments plays important roles in the toxicity and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. The mobility of pharmaceuticals can be affected by their interactions with organic matter and other soil and water constituents. In this study, a model agarose hydrogel enriched by humic acid as a representative of organic matter is used as a transport medium for pharmaceuticals. Sulphapyridine (as a representative of sulphonamide antibiotics) and diclofenac (as a representative of widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were chosen for experiments in diffusion cells. Pharmaceuticals were passed through the hydrogel from the donor solution to the acceptor compartment and could interact with humic acids incorporated in the hydrogel. The lag time was prolonged if the hydrogel was enriched by humic acids from 134 to 390 s for sulphapyridine and from 323 to 606 s for diclofenac. Similarly, the incorporation of humic acids in the hydrogel resulted in a decrease in the determined diffusion coefficients. The decrease was stronger in the first stage of the experiment when diffusing particles could interact with vacant binding sites.

• Klíčová slova
• diclofenac, humic acid, hydrogel, sulphapyridine, transport,
• MeSH
• difuze MeSH
• diklofenak * chemie   MeSH
• huminové látky * analýza   MeSH
• hydrogely * chemie   MeSH
• léčivé přípravky chemie   MeSH
• sefarosa * chemie   MeSH
• sulfapyridin chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• diklofenak * MeSH
• huminové látky * MeSH
• hydrogely * MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• sefarosa * MeSH
• sulfapyridin MeSH

The trees of the Dongzhai Harbor mangrove forest suffer from antibiotic contamination from surrounding aquaculture areas. Despite this being one of the largest mangrove forests in China, few studies have focused on the antibiotic pollution status in these aquaculture areas. In the present study, the occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of 37 antibiotics in surface water and sediment samples from aquaculture areas around Dongzhai Harbor mangrove forests were analyzed. The concentration of total antibiotics (∑antibiotics) ranged from 78.4 ng/L to 225.6 ng/L in surface water (except S14-A2) and from 19.5 ng/g dry weight (dw) to 229 ng/g dw in sediment. In the sediment, the concentrations of ∑antibiotics were relatively low (19.5-52.3 ng/g dw) at 75 % of the sampling sites, while they were high (95.7-229.0 ng/g dw) at a few sampling sites (S13-A1, S13D, S8D). The correlation analysis results showed that the Kd values of the 9 antibiotics were significantly positively correlated with molecular weight (MW), Kow, and LogKow. Risk assessment revealed that sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in surface water and SMX, enoxacin (ENX), ciprofloxacin (CFX), enrofloxacin (EFX), ofloxacin (OFX), and norfloxacin (NFX) in sediment had medium/high risk quotients (RQs) at 62.5 % and 25-100 %, respectively, of the sampling sites. The antibiotic mixture in surface water (0.06-3.36) and sediment (0.43-309) posed a high risk at 37.5 % and 66.7 %, respectively, of the sampling sites. SMX was selected as an indicator of antibiotic pollution in surface water to assist regulatory authorities in monitoring and managing antibiotic pollution in the aquaculture zone of Dongzhai Harbor. Overall, the results of the present study provide a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the characteristics of antibiotics in the aquaculture environment around the Dongzhai Harbor mangrove system and provide a theoretical basis for the source control of antibiotics in mangrove systems.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibiotics, Aquaculture environment, Mangrove forest, Risk assessment, Tropical island,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * analýza   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• mokřady MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• sulfamethoxazol analýza   MeSH
• voda analýza   MeSH
• vodní hospodářství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• sulfamethoxazol MeSH
• voda MeSH

Burns are a major global healthcare concern, often complicated by the presence of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the wounds. Silver-based dressings are commonly used in the treatment of burns but can cause skin irritation and delay healing time. Medical-grade honey (MGH) provides an interesting alternative. This study investigated the antimicrobial effects and possible cytotoxicity of L-Mesitran Soft (MGH-gel) and its individual components, Medihoney (Manuka), Flammazine (silver sulphadiazine), and silver nitrate (AgNO3) in an ex vivo human burn wound model. Bacterial survival and wound healing parameters, including re-epithelialization and keratinocyte proliferation were assessed. L-Mesitran, Flammazine, and AgNO3 reduced P. aeruginosa numbers below detection levels. L-Mesitran Soft exhibited a significantly stronger antimicrobial effect compared to Medihoney. The individual components of L-Mesitran contributed significantly to its antibacterial efficacy, thus suggesting synergistic activities. Moreover, L-Mesitran, Flammazine, and AgNO3 slightly inhibited re-epithelialization while Medihoney treatment resulted in a complete lack of re-epithelialization and keratinocyte proliferation. Furthermore, clinical cases illustrated the effectiveness of MGH therapy in infected burns. Overall, L-Mesitran Soft had similar effects as silver-based products on bacterial load and epidermal regeneration, but outperformed Medihoney. Therefore, supplemented MGH could be used as an effective alternative to silver-based dressings for P. aeruginosa-infected burns.

• Klíčová slova
• Infected burn wounds, Medical-grade honey, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Silver nitrate, Silver sulphadiazine, Wound healing,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Bacteria MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• med * MeSH
• popálení * farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• stříbrná sůl sulfadiazinu farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• stříbrná sůl sulfadiazinu MeSH

Essential oil from Thymus vulgaris L. has valuable therapeutic potential that is highly desired in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Considering these advantages and the rising market demand, induced polyploids were obtained using oryzalin to enhance essential oil yield. However, their therapeutic values were unexplored. So, this study aims to assess the phytochemical content, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of tetraploid and diploid thyme essential oils. Induced tetraploids had 41.11% higher essential oil yield with enhanced thymol and γ-terpinene content than diploid. Tetraploids exhibited higher antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms. Similarly, in DPPH radical scavenging assay tetraploid essential oil was more potent with half-maximal inhibitory doses (IC50) of 180.03 µg/mL (40.05 µg TE/mg) than diploid with IC50 > 512 µg/mL (12.68 µg TE/mg). Tetraploids exhibited more effective inhibition of in vitro catalytic activity of pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than diploids at 50 µg/mL concentration. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed higher binding affinity of thymol and γ-terpinene towards tested protein receptors, which explained enhanced bioactivity of tetraploid essential oil. In conclusion, these results suggest that synthetic polyploidization using oryzalin could effectively enhance the quality and quantity of secondary metabolites and can develop more efficient essential oil-based commercial products using this induced genotype.

• MeSH
• dinitrobenzeny * MeSH
• fytonutrienty farmakologie   MeSH
• monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem * MeSH
• oleje prchavé * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin * MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• sulfanilamidy * MeSH
• tetraploidie MeSH
• thymol farmakologie   MeSH
• Thymus (rostlina) * chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dinitrobenzeny * MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• gamma-terpinene MeSH Prohlížeč
• monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem * MeSH
• oleje prchavé * MeSH
• oleje rostlin * MeSH
• oryzalin MeSH Prohlížeč
• sulfanilamidy * MeSH
• thyme oil MeSH Prohlížeč
• thymol MeSH

Increasing resistance in Staphylococcus aureus has created a critical need for new drugs, especially those effective against methicillin-resistant strains (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]). Sulfonamides are a privileged scaffold for the development of novel antistaphylococcal agents. This review covers recent advances in sulfonamides active against MRSA. Based on the substitution patterns of sulfonamide moieties, its derivatives can be tuned for desired properties and biological activity. Contrary to the traditional view, not only N-monosubstituted 4-aminobenzenesulfonamides are effective. Novel sulfonamides have various mechanisms of action, not only 'classical' inhibition of the folate biosynthetic pathway. Some of them can overcome resistance to classical sulfa drugs and cotrimoxazole, are bactericidal and active in vivo. Hybrid compounds with distinct bioactive scaffolds are particularly advantageous.

• Klíčová slova
• Schiff bases, Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial activity, drug resistance, mechanism of action, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, molecular hybridization, sulfonamides,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus MeSH
• sulfanilamid farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• sulfanilamid MeSH

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been already proposed by several authors for estimating the consumption of drugs, mainly the illicit ones. However, not much information is available about the actual reliability of this tool given the absence of comparison with the actual consumption. This work aims to evaluate the reliability of the WBE as a tool for estimating the consumption of pharmaceuticals in urban area. Measured consumption back-calculated with a WBE approach was compared with prescription of pharmaceutical products as "control." Moreover, seasonal influence on (i) pharmaceutical consumption, (ii) load of pharmaceutical products in the sewer system, and (iii) reliability of WBE was evaluated. Ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, metoprolol, carbamazepine, and citalopram were estimated by WBE with a difference respect to the "control" value lower than 0.2 order of magnitude while only trimethoprim and sotalol exceeded the 0.5 order of magnitude of difference but below the 1 order of magnitude. Sedatives were the best represented by WBE (on average 0.15 order of magnitude of difference compared to prescription data). However, further studies are suggested to fully estimate the influence of the type of APs on the reliability of the WBE. Seasonal patterns were found for the load of ciprofloxacin in the sewer and for the consumption of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim by population but seasonal changes did not have a significant impact (p > 0.05) on the reliability of WBE. Despite some gaps remained to optimize the reliability of the tool, WBE can be considered a valid method to estimate the consumption of prescribed drugs from the analysis of the sewer system.

• Klíčová slova
• Drug consumption, Emerging contaminants, Pharmaceutical products, Seasonal patterns, WBE, Wastewater treatment plant,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• epidemiologie odpadních vod * MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• sulfamethoxazol MeSH
• trimethoprim MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• sulfamethoxazol MeSH
• trimethoprim MeSH

Sulfonamides are high-consumption antibiotics that reach the aquatic environment. The threat related to their presence in wastewater and the environment is not only associated with their antibacterial properties, but also with risk of the spread of drug resistance in bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of eight commonly used sulfonamides, sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1-3) and integrase genes intI1-3 in five full-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) differing in design (including hybrid systems) and in the source of wastewater (agricultural drainage, domestic sewage/surface runoff, and animal runs runoff in a zoo). The CWs were located in low-urbanized areas in Poland and in Czechia. No sulfonamides were detected in the CW treating agricultural tile drainage water. In the other four systems, four sulfonamide compounds were detected. Sulfamethoxazole exhibited the highest concentration in those four CWs and its highest was 12,603.23 ± 1000.66 ng/L in a CW treating a mixture of domestic sewage and surface runoff. Despite the high removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole in the tested CWs (86 %-99 %), it was still detected in the treated wastewater. The sul1 genes occurred in all samples of raw and treated wastewater and their abundance did not change significantly after the treatment process and it was, predominantly, at the level 105 gene copies numbers/mL. Noteworthy, sul2 genes were only found in the influents, and sul3 were not detected. The sulfonamides can be removed in CWs, but their elimination is not complete. However, hybrid CWs treating sewage were superior in decreasing the relative abundance of genes and the concentration of SMX. CWs may play a role in the dissemination of sulfonamide resistance genes of the sul1 type and other determinants of drug resistance, such as the intI1 gene, in the environment, however, the magnitude of this phenomenon is a matter of further research.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibiotic resistances, Constructed wetlands, Sulfonamides, Wastewater,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antibiotická rezistence genetika   MeSH
• mokřady MeSH
• odpad tekutý - odstraňování MeSH
• odpadní voda * MeSH
• odpadní vody * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• sulfamethoxazol MeSH
• sulfanilamid MeSH
• sulfonamidy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• odpadní voda * MeSH
• odpadní vody * MeSH
• sulfamethoxazol MeSH
• sulfanilamid MeSH
• sulfonamidy MeSH

Wild strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis were tested in an experimental hyperbaric chamber to determine the possible effect of hyperbaric oxygen on the susceptibility of these strains to the antibiotics ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim, colistin, oxolinic acid, ofloxacin, tetracycline, and aztreonam during their cultivation at 23 °C and 36.5 °C. Ninety-six-well inoculated microplates with tested antibiotics in Mueller-Hinton broth were cultured under standard incubator conditions (normobaric normoxia) for 24 h or in an experimental hyperbaric chamber (HAUX, Germany) for 24 h at 2.8 ATA of 100% oxygen (hyperbaric hyperoxia). The hyperbaric chamber was pressurised with pure oxygen (100%). Both cultures (normoxic and hyperoxic) were carried out at 23 °C and 36.5 °C to study the possible effect of the cultivation temperature. No significant differences were observed between 23 and 36.5 °C cultivation with or without the 2-h lag phase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Cultivation in a hyperbaric chamber at 23 °C and 36.5 °C with or without a 2-h lag phase did not produce significant changes in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. For the tested strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the possible effect of hyperbaric oxygen on their antibiotic sensitivity could not be detected because the growth of these bacteria was completely inhibited by 100% hyperbaric oxygen at 2.8 ATA under all hyperbaric conditions tested at 23 °C and 36.5 °C. Subsequent tests with wild strains of pseudomonads, burkholderias, and stenotrophomonads not only confirmed the fact that these bacteria stop growing under hyperbaric conditions at a pressure of 2.8 ATA of 100% oxygen but also indicated that inhibition of growth of these bacteria under hyperbaric conditions is reversible.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibiotic susceptibility testing, Facultatively anaerobic bacteria, Hyperbaric oxygenation, Pseudomonads,
• MeSH
• ampicilin farmakologie   MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria MeSH
• Escherichia coli MeSH
• hyperbarická oxygenace * MeSH
• Klebsiella pneumoniae MeSH
• kombinace léků trimethoprim a sulfamethoxazol farmakologie   MeSH
• kyslík MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• pseudomonádové infekce * MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa MeSH
• sulbaktam MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ampicilin MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• kombinace léků trimethoprim a sulfamethoxazol MeSH
• kyslík MeSH
• sulbaktam MeSH
• sultamicillin MeSH Prohlížeč

BACKGROUND: Systemically administered antibiotics are thought to penetrate the wounds more effectively during negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT).To test this hypothesis total and free antibiotic concentrations were quantified in serum and wound exudate. METHODS: UHPLC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated for the determination of ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefazolin, meropenem, oxacillin, piperacillin with tazobactam, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole), gentamicin, vancomycin, and linezolid. The unbound antibiotic fraction was obtained by ultrafiltration using a Millipore Microcon-30kda Centrifugal Filter Unit. Analysis was performed on a 1.7-µm Acquity UPLC BEH C18 2.1 × 100-mm column with a gradient elution. RESULTS: The validation was performed for serum, exudates and free fractions. For all matrices, requirements were met regarding linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantitation, and matrix effect. The coefficient of variation was in the range of 1.2-13.6%.and the recovery 87.6-115.6%, respectively. Among the 29 applications of antibiotics thus far, including vancomycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cotrimoxazole, and gentamicin, total and free antibiotic concentrations in serum and exudate were correlated. CONCLUSION: This method can accurately quantify the total and free concentrations of 16 antibiotics. Comparison of concentration ratios between serum and exudates allows for monitoring individual antibiotics' penetration capacity in patients receiving NPWT.

• Klíčová slova
• Cardiac surgery, Exudate, Method validation, Negative pressure wound therapy, Serum, Total and free antibiotic concentration,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• cefepim MeSH
• cefotaxim MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• exsudáty a transsudáty MeSH
• gentamiciny MeSH
• infekce v ráně * MeSH
• klindamycin MeSH
• kombinace léků trimethoprim a sulfamethoxazol MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxacilin MeSH
• sternotomie MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• terapie ran pomocí řízeného podtlaku * MeSH
• vankomycin MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• cefepim MeSH
• cefotaxim MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• gentamiciny MeSH
• klindamycin MeSH
• kombinace léků trimethoprim a sulfamethoxazol MeSH
• oxacilin MeSH
• vankomycin MeSH