The increased accessibility of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following the COVID-19 pandemic and the publication of the first randomized trial of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) prompted the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to sponsor a workshop on ECPR. Two more randomized trials have since been published in 2022 and 2023. Based on the combined findings and review of the evidence, an international panel of authors identified gaps in science, inequities in care and diversity in outcomes, and suggested research opportunities and next steps. The science pertaining to ECPR would benefit from the United States contributing uniform data to existing registries and sharing common data with the ELSO (Extracorporeal Life Support Organization) international registry to increase the sample size for observational research. In addition, well-designed efficacy trials, recruiting across different regions of care evaluating long-term follow-up, including patient reported outcomes, cost effectiveness, and equity measures, would contribute significantly to the body of science. Workshop participants defined the population of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest most likely to benefit from ECPR. ECPR-eligible patients include those aged 18 to 75 years functioning independently without comorbidity; before suffering a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and without any obvious cause of the cardiac arrest; presenting in a shockable rhythm and transported with mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation to an ECPR-capable institute within 30 minutes, which is recommended after 3 rounds of advanced life support treatment without return of spontaneous circulation. There are significant inequities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care that need to be addressed such that outcomes are optimized for each target region before implementing ECPR in a clinical or implementation trial.

• Klíčová slova
• consensus, evidence gaps, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• kardiopulmonální resuscitace * metody   MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezery v důkazech MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace * metody   MeSH
• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.) * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• zástava srdce mimo nemocnici * terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké epidemiologie   MeSH

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been extensively studied as a cancer biomarker for decades. Recently, small-molecule FAP inhibitors have been widely adopted as a targeting moiety of experimental theranostic radiotracers. Here we present a fast qPCR-based analytical method allowing FAP inhibition screening in a high-throughput regime. To identify clinically relevant compounds that might interfere with FAP-targeted approaches, we focused on a library of FDA-approved drugs. Using the DNA-linked Inhibitor Antibody Assay (DIANA), we tested a library of 2667 compounds within just a few hours and identified numerous FDA-approved drugs as novel FAP inhibitors. Among these, prodrugs of cephalosporin antibiotics and reverse transcriptase inhibitors, along with one elastase inhibitor, were the most potent FAP inhibitors in our dataset. In addition, by employing FAP DIANA in the quantification mode, we were able to determine FAP concentrations in human plasma samples. Together, our work expands the repertoire of FAP inhibitors, analyzes the potential interference of co-administered drugs with FAP-targeting strategies, and presents a sensitive and low-consumption ELISA alternative for FAP quantification with a detection limit of 50 pg/ml.

• Klíčová slova
• DIANA, FAP quantification, Fibroblast activation protein, High-throughput screening,
• MeSH
• cefalosporiny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• endopeptidasy * metabolismus   MeSH
• knihovny malých molekul farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny * antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• rychlé screeningové testy * MeSH
• schvalování léčiv MeSH
• serinové endopeptidasy * metabolismus   MeSH
• Úřad Spojených států pro potraviny a léky MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• želatinasy * antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cefalosporiny MeSH
• endopeptidasy * MeSH
• fibroblast activation protein alpha MeSH Prohlížeč
• knihovny malých molekul MeSH
• membránové proteiny * MeSH
• serinové endopeptidasy * MeSH
• želatinasy * MeSH

The performance evaluation of local self-government entities is very difficult, as their primary goal is not to make a profit, but to provide services to their residents that will contribute to an increase in their quality of life. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate their activity from the point of view of several available criteria, for which it is possible to find relevant and recognized sources. The presented research works with five criteria, identified by the Institute for Economic and Social Reforms, and aims to quantify the agreement of the results of the assessment of the financial health of territorial self-government entities in 2020 using the TOPSIS technique with a gradually decreasing number of criteria. For this purpose, a total of 26 combinations of criteria are created, with the number of 5, 4, 3 and 2 used criteria, the importance of which is determined based on their absolute variability using the standard deviation method. The results obtained in this way are interpreted using a wide range of mathematical and statistical methods including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene test, Jaccard index and others. As a result, the multi-criteria evaluation of territorial self-government subjects (in our case, district cities) proved to be highly applicable. However, the result itself is largely determined by the structure and number of entry criteria. Based on the performed analyses, we can see that significant differences result from their reduction. Each such reduction has an impact on the overall results, but it is possible to find combinations that defy this conclusion.

• MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• místní státní správa * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Population-level physical activity increases are improbable without intersectoral collaboration across government levels and sectors to develop and implement physical activity promotion policies. This study aims to provide information about the development of the Interaction between National and Local Government Levels in Development and Implementation of Physical Activity Policies Tool (INTEGRATE PA-Pol). A framework was created to examine the development and implementation of national and subnational physical activity policies and the (mis)alignment between government levels. METHODS: The work was conducted in 3 phases: (1) a scoping review was carried out to identify local government physical activity promotion policies and instruments for assessing them, (2) an expert group designed 6 questionnaires, and (3) cognitive response testing was employed for validity testing and item modification with a panel of research and policy experts. RESULTS: The INTEGRATE PA-Pol Tool consists of 6 questionnaires assessing how national and subnational governments collaborate to develop and implement physical activity promotion policies. CONCLUSION: This tool can assist in better understanding the development and implementation of a public policy monitoring system that will allow for benchmarking and priority setting to comprehend how physical activity promotion policies are designed and executed.

• Klíčová slova
• INTEGRATE PA-Pol, framework, public health, public policy,
• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• místní státní správa MeSH
• podpora zdraví * metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• vytváření politiky * MeSH
• zdravotní politika * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• velkoměsta MeSH

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, across six correlational studies in four different countries (total N = 4937), we examined the link between citizens' anger with and admiration for the government's actions and decisions (i.e., system-based anger and admiration) and engagement in preventive behaviour. The internal meta-analyses showed that individuals who admired the government's actions were more likely to adopt personal hygiene and social distancing behaviour. Yet, the link between emotions and preventive behaviour differed concerning the target of emotions, especially for anger. Specifically, anger about restrictions imposed by the government was negatively related to preventive behaviours, but this relationship was not significant when the target of anger was the government's overall handling of the pandemic. Our findings emphasise the importance of citizens' emotions and the targets of those emotions during the crisis.

• Klíčová slova
• Crisis, Emotion's targets, Personal hygiene, Restrictions, Social distancing,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• vláda MeSH
• zlost MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

To respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments frequently resorted to declaring the state of emergency, fuelling contestations over the abuse of public powers and effectiveness of the measures to induce compliance. This article examines how the denial of the political nature of emergency governance known as depoliticisation undermines government credibility and may suit anti-democratic actors. We contribute to understanding the relationship between depoliticisation and democracy by showing how Slovak coalition parties during key parliamentary debates on the state of emergency during the COVID-19 pandemic insisted on depoliticising the pandemic while parliamentary opposition parties with anti-democratic leanings successfully opted for its repoliticisation. Repoliticising a key decision on managing the public health emergency granted credibility to illiberal political actors at the expense of the government, cautioning against depoliticisation strategies to be invoked by democrats in fragile democracies. Instead, accepting that such decisions are political may prevent the loss of credibility due to unsuccessful rhetorical practices of depoliticisation.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• politika MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• vláda MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: To test the effect of race/ethnicity on Social Security Administration (SSA) life tables' life expectancy (LE) predictions in localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with either radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). We hypothesized that LE will be affected by race/ethnicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We relied on the 2004-2006 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify D'Amico intermediate- and high-risk PCa patients treated with either RP or EBRT. SSA life tables were used to compute 10-year LE predictions and were compared to OS. Stratification was performed according to treatment type (RP/EBRT) and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian). RESULTS: Of 55,383 assessable patients, 40,490 were non-Hispanic White (RP 49.3% vs. EBRT 50.7%), 7194 non-Hispanic Black (RP 41.3% vs. EBRT 50.7%), 4716 Hispanic/Latino (RP 51.0% vs. EBRT 49.0%) and 2983 were Asian (RP 41.6% vs. EBRT 58.4%). In both RP and EBRT patients, OS exceeded life tables' LE predictions, except for non-Hispanic Blacks. However, in RP patients, the magnitude of the difference was greater than in EBRT. Moreover, in RP patients, OS of non-Hispanic Blacks virtually perfectly followed predicted LE. Conversely, in EBRT patients, the OS of non-Hispanic Black patients was worse than predicted LE. CONCLUSIONS: When comparing SEER-derived observed OS with SSA life table-derived predicted life expectancy, we recorded a survival disadvantage in non-Hispanic Black RP and EBRT patients, which was not the case in the three other races/ethnicities (non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic/Latinos, and Asians). This discrepancy should ideally be confirmed within different registries, countries, and tumor entities. Furthermore, the source of these discrepant survival outcomes should be investigated and addressed by health care politics.

• Klíčová slova
• Life expectancy prediction, Life table, Localized prostate cancer, SEER, Social Security Administration,
• MeSH
• etnicita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• naděje dožití MeSH
• nádory prostaty * terapie   patologie   MeSH
• tabulky života MeSH
• Úřad Spojených států pro sociální zabezpečení * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké epidemiologie   MeSH

The outbreak of COVID-19, a little more than 2 years ago, drastically affected all segments of society throughout the world. While at one end, the microbiologists, virologists, and medical practitioners were trying to find the cure for the infection; the Governments were laying emphasis on precautionary measures like lockdowns to lower the spread of the virus. This pandemic is perhaps also the first one of its kind in history that has research articles in all possible areas as like: medicine, sociology, psychology, supply chain management, mathematical modeling, etc. A lot of work is still continuing in this area, which is very important also for better preparedness if such a situation arises in future. The objective of the present study is to build a research support tool that will help the researchers swiftly identify the relevant literature on a specific field or topic regarding COVID-19 through a hierarchical classification system. The three main tasks done during this study are data preparation, data annotation and text data classification through bi-directional long short-term memory (bi-LSTM).

• Klíčová slova
• Artificial Intelligence, COVID-19, bi-directional LSTM, classification, long short-term memory,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• umělá inteligence MeSH
• vláda MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Evaluation of investments in tourism (as a cross-section industry) is a complex issue that needs to be addressed systematically by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. This article deals with the setting of an ex-post evaluation framework for the assessment of impact interventions on the tourism sector at all its levels, especially the local one. The design of an evaluation framework for the tourism sector supported by the recommended approaches and methods is the first result of this methodically focused paper. The proposal to adopt the Method for Impact Assessment of Programmes and Projects = MAPP method into the tourism sector on a local level, including indicators, measures, and outcomes would be considered as a second significant result. The proposed evaluation framework can be used by the representatives of public institutions and organizations to measure the impact of programmes financially supported from public sources on the tourism sector in an efficient way. In particular, municipalities´ government bodies can adopt the proposed approach towards sustainable planning and development in tourism.

• Klíčová slova
• Evaluation in tourism, Ex-post evaluation framework, MAPP Method, Social perspective of investment evaluation, Tourism at the local level,
• MeSH
• hodnocení programu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• místní státní správa * MeSH
• průmysl MeSH
• turistika * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

We use survey data to study how trust in government and consensus for the pandemic policy response vary with the propensity for altruistic punishment in Italy, the early epicenter of the pandemic. Approval for the management of the crisis decreases with the size of the penalties that individuals would like to see enforced for lockdown violations. People supporting stronger punishment are more likely to consider the government's reaction to the pandemic as insufficient. However, after the establishment of tougher sanctions for risky behaviors, we observe a sudden flip in support for the government. Higher amounts of the desired fines become associated with a higher probability of considering the COVID policy response as too extreme, lower trust in government, and lower confidence in the truthfulness of the officially provided information. These results suggest that lockdowns entail a political cost that helps explain why democracies may adopt epidemiologically suboptimal policies.

• Klíčová slova
• Altruistic punishment, COVID-19, Law enforcement, Lockdown, Survey data,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• vláda MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH