Freshwater habitats are frequently contaminated by diverse chemicals of anthropogenic origin, collectively referred to as micropollutants, that can have detrimental effects on aquatic life. The animals' tolerance to micropollutants may be mediated by their microbiome. If polluted aquatic environments select for contaminant-degrading microbes, the acquisition of such microbes by the host may increase its tolerance to pollution. Here we tested for the potential effects of the host microbiome on the growth and survival of juvenile Asellus aquaticus, a widespread freshwater crustacean. Using faecal microbiome transplants, we provided newly hatched juveniles with the microbiome isolated from donor adults reared in either clean or micropollutant-contaminated water and, after transplantation, recipient juveniles were reared in water with and without micropollutants. The experiment revealed a significant negative effect of the micropollutants on the survival of juvenile isopods regardless of the received faecal microbiome. The micropollutants had altered the composition of the bacterial component of the donors' microbiome, which in turn influenced the microbiome of juvenile recipients. Hence, we show that relatively high environmental concentrations of micropollutants reduce survival and alter the microbiome composition of juvenile A. aquaticus, but we have no evidence that tolerance to micropollutants is modulated by their microbiome.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace izolace a purifikace genetika účinky léků MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- Isopoda * mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiota * účinky léků MeSH
- sladká voda * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
The occurrence of toxic bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa, has been frequently reported worldwide. These colony forming toxic cyanobacteria harbour a wide range of heterotrophic bacterial communities. The present study has attempted to understand the bloom dynamics of M. aeruginosa along with isolating their colony-associated culturable heterotrophic bacteria from two freshwater ponds in south India with a persisting cyanobacterial bloom. The monthly monitoring of these study areas revealed the conducive role of warm, stagnant waters with high nutrients in forming M. aeruginosa bloom. The peak values of temperature, nitrate, and phosphate at station 1 reached up to 30.5 °C, 4.48 mg/L, 1.64 mg/L, and at station 2, 31 °C, 3.45 mg/L, and 0.62 mg/L, respectively. Twenty-eight bacterial isolates belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were obtained during the study. Among these 28 isolates, Firmicutes was dominant with the M. aeruginosa bloom from both the study areas.
- Klíčová slova
- Microcystis aeruginosa, 16S rRNA, Heterotrophic bacteria, Mucilaginous colony, South India,
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- eutrofizace MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- Microcystis * růst a vývoj klasifikace genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- sladká voda mikrobiologie MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * MeSH
The mangrove ecosystem is the world's fourth most productive ecosystem in terms of service value and offering rich biological resources. Microorganisms play vital roles in these ecological processes, thus researching the mangroves-microbiota is crucial for a deeper comprehension of mangroves dynamics. Amplicon sequencing that targeted V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was employed to profile the microbial diversities and community compositions of 19 soil samples, which were collected from the rhizosphere of 3 plant species (i.e., Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, and Rhizophora mucronata) in the mangrove forests of Lasbela coast, Pakistan. A total of 67 bacterial phyla were observed from three mangroves species, and these taxa were classified into 188 classes, 453 orders, 759 families, and 1327 genera. We found that Proteobacteria (34.9-38.4%) and Desulfobacteria (7.6-10.0%) were the dominant phyla followed by Chloroflexi (6.6-7.3%), Gemmatimonadota (5.4-6.8%), Bacteroidota (4.3-5.5%), Planctomycetota (4.4-4.9%) and Acidobacteriota (2.7-3.4%), Actinobacteriota (2.5-3.3%), and Crenarchaeota (2.5-3.3%). After considering the distribution of taxonomic groups, we prescribe that the distinctions in bacterial community composition and diversity are ascribed to the changes in physicochemical attributes of the soil samples (i.e., electrical conductivity (ECe), pH, total organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (OC), available phosphorus (P), and extractable potassium (CaCO3). The findings of this study indicated a high-level species diversity in Pakistani mangroves. The outcomes may also aid in the development of effective conservation policies for mangrove ecosystems, which have been hotspots for anthropogenic impacts in Pakistan. To our knowledge, this is the first microbial research from a Pakistani mangrove forest.
- Klíčová slova
- Illumina sequencing, Mangroves, Metabarcoding, Microbial diversity, Proteobacteria,
- MeSH
- Avicennia mikrobiologie MeSH
- Bacteria * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Rhizophoraceae mikrobiologie MeSH
- rhizosféra MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Pákistán MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * MeSH
Biodiesel is a type of sustainable, biodegradable energy made from natural sources like vegetable oils, animal fat, and from microbes. Unlike traditional diesel, it has a lower carbon footprint and produces fewer harmful emissions when burned. Biodiesel has gained popularity as a more sustainable substitute for hydrocarbon-based diesel and may be utilized in diesel engines without any modification. In this review, biodiesel from microorganisms such as algae, yeast, and fungi and advantages over another feedstock were discussed. The life cycle evaluation of biodiesel is a thorough assessment of the ecological and economic effects of biodiesel production and use, from the extraction of raw ingredients to the waste disposal process. The life cycle analysis considers the entire process, including the production of feedstocks, the production of biodiesel, and the use of biodiesel in vehicles and other applications. Life cycle analysis of biodiesel produced from microorganisms takes into consideration the environmental impact and sustainability of each step in the production process, including the impact on land use, water use, greenhouse gas emissions, and the availability of resources. In this section, biodiesel produced from microorganisms and other raw materials, its comparisons, and also steps involved in the life cycle such as the cultivation of microorganisms, harvesting of biomass, and conversion to biodiesel were discussed. The processes like extraction and purification, hydrothermal liquefaction, and their environmental impacts were examined by using various LCA software from the previously mentioned process.
- Klíčová slova
- Biodiesel, Environmental impact, Life cycle assessment, Microorganisms,
- MeSH
- Bacteria izolace a purifikace klasifikace metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- biopaliva * mikrobiologie MeSH
- houby * izolace a purifikace klasifikace růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biopaliva * MeSH
The forefront of micro- and nanorobot research involves the development of smart swimming micromachines emulating the complexity of natural systems, such as the swarming and collective behaviors typically observed in animals and microorganisms, for efficient task execution. This study introduces magnetically controlled microrobots that possess polymeric sequestrant "hands" decorating a magnetic core. Under the influence of external magnetic fields, the functionalized magnetic beads dynamically self-assemble from individual microparticles into well-defined rotating planes of diverse dimensions, allowing modulation of their propulsion speed, and exhibiting a collective motion. These mobile microrobotic swarms can actively capture free-swimming bacteria and dispersed microplastics "on-the-fly", thereby cleaning aquatic environments. Unlike conventional methods, these microrobots can be collected from the complex media and can release the captured contaminants in a second vessel in a controllable manner, that is, using ultrasound, offering a sustainable solution for repeated use in decontamination processes. Additionally, the residual water is subjected to UV irradiation to eliminate any remaining bacteria, providing a comprehensive cleaning solution. In summary, this study shows a swarming microrobot design for water decontamination processes.
- Klíčová slova
- collective motion, magnetically driven, micromotors, microplastics, self-assembly, swarming behavior, water purification,
- MeSH
- Bacteria izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Escherichia coli izolace a purifikace MeSH
- magnetické pole MeSH
- mikroplasty * chemie MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- robotika * přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The gut microbiota of vertebrates is acquired from the environment and other individuals, including parents and unrelated conspecifics. In the laboratory mouse, a key animal model, inter-individual interactions are severely limited and its gut microbiota is abnormal. Surprisingly, our understanding of how inter-individual transmission impacts house mouse gut microbiota is solely derived from laboratory experiments. We investigated the effects of inter-individual transmission on gut microbiota in two subspecies of house mice (Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus) raised in a semi-natural environment without social or mating restrictions. We assessed the correlation between microbiota composition (16S rRNA profiles), social contact intensity (microtransponder-based social networks), and mouse relatedness (microsatellite-based pedigrees). Inter-individual transmission had a greater impact on the lower gut (colon and cecum) than on the small intestine (ileum). In the lower gut, relatedness and social contact independently influenced microbiota similarity. Despite female-biased parental care, both parents exerted a similar influence on their offspring's microbiota, diminishing with the offspring's age in adulthood. Inter-individual transmission was more pronounced in M. m. domesticus, a subspecies, with a social and reproductive network divided into more closed modules. This suggests that the transmission magnitude depends on the social and genetic structure of the studied population.
- Klíčová slova
- gastrointestinal tract, inter-individual transmission, microbiome, relatedness, social contact,
- MeSH
- Bacteria genetika klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice MeSH
- myši MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- RNA ribozomální 16S * MeSH
Increasing antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial pathogens is becoming a serious threat to public health. To control the spread of this resistance, it is necessary to detect β-lactamase-producing organisms in the clinical setting. The aims of the study were to design a PCR assay for rapid detection of clinically encountered β-lactamase genes described in Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria. The functionality of proposed primers was verified using eight reference strains and 17 strains from our collection, which contained 29 different β-lactamase genes. PCR products of the test strains were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Sequence analysis was performed using bioinformatics software Geneious. Overall, 67 pairs of primers for detecting 12 members of the class C β-lactamase family, 15 members of class A β-lactamases, six gene families of subclass B1, one member each of subclasses B2, B3 and class D β-lactamases were designed, of which 43 pairs were experimentally tested in vitro. All 29 β-lactamase genes, including 10 oxacillinase subgroups, were correctly identified by PCR. The proposed set of primers should be able to specifically detect 99.7% of analyzed β-lactamase subtypes and more than 79.8% of all described β-lactamase genes.
- Klíčová slova
- β-lactamase, PCR, antibiotic resistance, bacteria, primer,
- MeSH
- Bacteria enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky * MeSH
- beta-laktamasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- beta-laktamová rezistence genetika MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- beta-laktamasy MeSH
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
Crude oil extracted from oilfield reservoirs brings together hypersaline produced water. Failure in pipelines transporting this mixture causes contamination of the soil with oil and hypersaline water. Soil salinization is harmful to biological populations, impairing the biodegradation of contaminants. We simulated the contamination of a soil from an oilfield with produced water containing different concentrations of NaCl and crude oil, in order to evaluate the effect of salinity and hydrocarbon concentration on prokaryote community structure and biodegradation activity. Microcosms were incubated in CO2-measuring respirometer. After the incubation, residual aliphatic hydrocarbons were quantified and were performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An increase in CO2 emission and hydrocarbon biodegradation was observed with increasing oil concentration up to 100 g kg-1. Alpha diversity decreased in oil-contaminated soils with an increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and reduction of Bacteroidetes with increasing oil concentration. In the NaCl-contaminated soils, alpha diversity, CO2 emission, and hydrocarbon biodegradation decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. There was an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and a reduction of Actinobacteria with increasing salt concentration. Our results highlight the need to adopt specific bioremediation strategies in soils impacted by mixtures of crude oil and hypersaline produced water.
- Klíčová slova
- Biodegradation, Community structure, Hydrocarbon mineralization, Hydrocarbonoclastic prokaryotes, Microbial ecology,
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- chlorid sodný metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiota * genetika MeSH
- oxid uhličitý metabolismus MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- ropa metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- ropná a plynová pole mikrobiologie MeSH
- salinita MeSH
- uhlovodíky metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chlorid sodný MeSH
- oxid uhličitý MeSH
- půda MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
- ropa MeSH
- uhlovodíky MeSH
Globally, it is estimated that there are 2 billion cases of diarrhoeal disease each year, with 525,000 children under the age of 5 years, dying from diarrhoea. This also affects 1 in 5 people in the UK each year. Rapid diagnosis, appropriate treatment and infection control measures are, therefore, particularly important. Currently, Public Health Wales and England Microbiology Division test for five key bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens, i.e. Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC), Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Clostridioides difficile. There is, however, a poor success rate with identification of these pathogens, leaving the patient at risk from untreated infections. This study has developed effective and reliable tools with a high positive outcome for diagnosis of diarrhoeal infection. The study blindly analysed 592 samples, with the most abundant species being Shigella sonnei at 15%, and the top genus Bacteroides at 26%. Campylobacter spp. had an abundance of 4%, Clostridium difficile 3%, and Salmonella spp. 0.2%. There were also significant differences in abundance at genus level, between the Flemish Gut project and diarrhoea samples, with respect to Shigella (0.2%) and Campylobacter (0.1%). The project introduced a novel Shigella spp. (Escherichia) threshold of 5.32% to determine (Escherichia) a healthy or unhealthy community. A DMBiome model was developed to integrate the 5.32% threshold of Shigella spp., the Public Health laboratory tested pathogens, and two emerging enteropathogens. The overall positive outcome was that 89% of all samples were diagnosed with diarrhoea infections, leaving 11% unknown.
- Klíčová slova
- 16S rRNA genes, Diagnostics, Diarrhoea, Microbiome, Shigella spp,
- MeSH
- Bacteria * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Campylobacter genetika MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky * metody normy MeSH
- průjem * diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- Shigella * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The microbial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature and represent important biological entities that affect various aspects of human life. As such, they attracted considerable attention during last decades, with the factors affecting the biofilm development being among the frequently studied topics. In our work, the biofilm was cultivated on the surface of polypropylene fibers in a nutrient medium inoculated by the suspension of two unsterile soils. The effects of ionic strength and valence of salt on the amount of the produced biofilm and on composition of biofilm microbial communities were investigated. The effect of valence was significant in some OTUs: Arthrobacter/Pseudarthrobacter/Paenarthrobacter and Bacillus with positive response to monovalent salt (KCl) and Streptomyces, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Ensifer with positive response to divalent salt (MgSO4). The significant preference for a certain concentration of salts was observed in the case of OTUs Agrobacterium, Bacillus (both 100 mM), and Brevundimonas (30 mM). A new quantification method based on measuring of oxidizable organic carbon in biofilm biomass, based on dichromate oxidation, was used. We compared the results obtained using this method with results of crystal violet destaining and measuring of extracted DNA concentration as proxies of the biofilm biomass. The dichromate oxidation is simple, inexpensive, and fast, and our results show that it may be more sensitive than crystal violet destaining. The highest biomass values tended to associate with high concentrations of the divalent salt. This trend was not observed in treatments where the monovalent salt was added. Our data confirm the importance of inorganic ions for biofilm composition and biomass accumulation.
- Klíčová slova
- Biofilm, Dichromate oxidation, Ionic strength, Quantification, Valence,
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- mikrobiota účinky léků MeSH
- minerály analýza farmakologie MeSH
- polypropyleny MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- soli analýza farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kultivační média MeSH
- minerály MeSH
- polypropyleny MeSH
- soli MeSH
