Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter represents the most common reported foodborne bacterial illness worldwide, followed by salmonellosis. Both diseases are often caused by the consumption of contaminated, insufficiently heated poultry meat. This can result from contamination of the meat during the slaughtering processes. Food contact surfaces like stainless steel or plucking fingers contribute significantly to cross-contamination of poultry carcasses. Modification of these surfaces could lead to a reduction of the bacterial burden, as already proven by successful application in various food industry sectors, such as packaging.In this study, nanoscale silica-coated and uncoated stainless-steel surfaces and plucking fingers were compared on a pilot scale regarding attachment and detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli.The bacteria did not adhere less to the coated plucking fingers or stainless-steel sections than to the uncoated ones. The coating also did not lead to a significant difference in detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli from the investigated surfaces compared to the uncoated ones.Our study did not reveal any differences between the coated and uncoated surfaces with regard to the investigated bacteria. In order to achieve a better adaptation of the coating to slaughterhouse conditions, future studies should focus on its further development based on the investigation of specific coating parameters.

• Klíčová slova
• Cross-contamination, Food contact surfaces, Nanomaterials, Poultry, Slaughtering,
• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze * MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni * účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• drůbež mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli * růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• jatka * MeSH
• kontaminace potravin prevence a kontrola   analýza   MeSH
• maso mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nerezavějící ocel * MeSH
• oxid křemičitý chemie   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• Salmonella enteritidis * účinky léků   fyziologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nerezavějící ocel * MeSH
• oxid křemičitý MeSH

The Campylobacter jejuni-host interaction may be affected by the host's gut microbiota through competitive exclusion, metabolites, or modification of the immune response. To understand this interaction, C. jejuni colonization and local immune responses were compared in chickens with different gut microbiota compositions. Birds were treated with an antibiotic cocktail (AT) (experiments 1 and 2) or raised under germfree (GF) conditions (experiment 3). At 18 days posthatch (dph), they were orally inoculated either with 104 CFU of C. jejuni or with diluent. Cecal as well as systemic C. jejuni colonization, T- and B-cell numbers in the gut, and gut-associated tissue were compared between the different groups. Significantly higher numbers of CFU of C. jejuni were detected in the cecal contents of AT and GF birds, with higher colonization rates in spleen, liver, and ileum, than in birds with a conventional gut microbiota (P < 0.05). Significant upregulation of T and B lymphocyte numbers was detected in cecum, cecal tonsils, and bursa of Fabricius of AT or GF birds after C. jejuni inoculation compared to the respective controls (P < 0.05). This difference was less clear in birds with a conventional gut microbiota. Histopathological gut lesions were observed only in C. jejuni-inoculated AT and GF birds but not in microbiota-colonized C. jejuni-inoculated hatchmates. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiota may contribute to the control of C. jejuni colonization and prevent lesion development. Further studies are needed to identify key players of the gut microbiota and the mechanisms behind their protective role.

• Klíčová slova
• Campylobacter jejuni, gut microbiota, immune response,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• B-lymfocyty imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• bursa Fabricii účinky léků   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni účinky léků   imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• cékum účinky léků   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely imunologie   MeSH
• ileum účinky léků   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu imunologie   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce imunologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• mikrobiální interakce imunologie   MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• slezina účinky léků   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra imunologie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH

The effect of caprylic acid (CA) on Campylobacter jejuni in chickens was evaluated using two approaches: dietary supplementation or surface treatment of chilled chicken carcasses. To analyze the dietary effect of CA, individually housed broiler chickens (n = 48) were artificially infected with C. jejuni VFU612 (10(6) colony-forming units [CFU]/bird) on the 21st and 35th days of life. Dietary CA (2.5 and 5 g/kg of feed, fed throughout the entire experiment) significantly decreased C. jejuni shedding (p<0.05). However, the effect only lasted for 3-7 days after infection. The numbers of Campylobacter shed by the positive control birds reached its maximum on the 37th day of life, while on that same day, both Treatment I and Treatment II groups shed significantly lower (p<0.05) numbers of Campylobacter (by 0.8 and 1.8 log10 CFU/g, respectively). Also, peak shedding was delayed by 1 day in both treated groups. After euthanasia of each chicken on the 42nd day of life, no differences in Campylobacter counts in the crop, gizzard, ileum, and cecum were found between the positive control and the treated groups (p>0.05). Surface contamination of the chilled chicken halves was performed with C. jejuni VFU612 (clinical isolate) and CCM6214 (collection strain). Surface treatment with CA at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL for 1 min significantly reduced C. jejuni VFU612 contamination of chicken skin (p<0.05) by 0.29-0.53 and 1.14-1.58 log10 CFU/g of skin, respectively. Counts of C. jejuni CCM6214 were reduced by 0.68-1.65 log10 CFU/g of skin). In conclusion, dietary CA affected numbers of C. jejuni in the gastrointestinal contents of chickens, whereas surface treatment reduced C. jejuni contamination in processed chicken carcasses.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni účinky léků   MeSH
• drůbež mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kapryláty farmakologie   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata * MeSH
• kur domácí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• kapryláty MeSH
• octanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Brominated furanone and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds that can be derived from sources such as Delisea pulchra algae and green tea, respectively. These compounds may have potential health benefits and antimicrobial properties. Biofilm formation and bacterial motility are virulence factors that seem to be involved in the autoinducer 2 (AI-2)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) response of Campylobacter. In this study, the anti-QS activities of 2(5H)-furanone, EGCG, and a citric-based disinfectant were tested against Campylobacter jejuni. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by a microdilution method, and the AI-2 activity was measured by bioluminescence. For motility tests, subinhibitory concentrations of each compound were mixed with semisolid Muller Hinton agar. Biofilm formation was quantified in broth-containing microplates after staining with safranin. The MBC of tested compounds ranged from 0.3 to 310 μg/mL. Subinhibitory concentrations of all of the antimicrobial compounds significantly decreased (19 to 62 %) the bacterial motility and reduced biofilm formation. After treatment with EGCG, furanone, and the disinfectant, AI-2 activity was decreased by 60 to 99 % compared to control. In conclusion, 2(5H)-furanone, EGCG, and the disinfectant exert bactericidal effects against C. jejuni and disturb QS activity and reduce motility and biofilm formation. These compounds may be naturally occurring alternatives to control C. jejuni.

• MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni účinky léků   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• dezinficiencia farmakologie   MeSH
• gama-butyrolakton analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• katechin analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina citronová farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• quorum sensing účinky léků   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• butenolide MeSH Prohlížeč
• dezinficiencia MeSH
• epigallocatechin gallate MeSH Prohlížeč
• gama-butyrolakton MeSH
• katechin MeSH
• kyselina citronová MeSH

STUDY AIM: To determine the frequency of Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans in the Czech Republic and to test their susceptibility to antimicrobials commonly used to treat campylobacteriosis by the standard EUCAST method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive Campylobacter isolates recovered from clinical specimens in 49 microbiological laboratories within one month in 2013 were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Susceptibility to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline was tested by the microdilution method and the results were interpreted based on the EUCAST clinical breakpoints to differentiate between susceptible and resistant strains. RESULTS: Of the study set of 769 Campylobacter spp. strains, 90.1 % were assigned to C. jejuni, 9.8 % to C. coli, and a single strain to C. fetus (0.1 %). Except one blood isolate of C. jejuni, all other isolates were recovered from the stool. Ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC > 0.5 mg/l) was detected in 61.9 % strains of C. jejuni and in 72.0 % strains of C. coli, tetracycline resistance (MIC > 2 mg/l) was detected in 32.0 % of strains of both species, and erythromycin resistance was found in 0.3 % of strains of C. jejuni (MIC > 8 mg/l) and in 2.7 % of strains of C. coli (MIC > 4 mg/l). A C. coli strain was multidrug resistant (i.e. resistant to all three antimicrobials tested). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that most Campylobacter infections in humans cure on their own, the resistance of the causative strains to the antimicrobials of choice and alternative agents needs to be studied because of its relevance to the treatment of severe cases that require antibiotics. Resistance to macrolides was found rather infrequently in this study in both C. jejuni (0.1 %) and C. coli (2.7 %) strains. Nevertheless, alarming is ciprofloxacin resistance confirmed in 61.9 % of C. jejuni strains and 72.0 % C. coli strains. As the species C. coli is more often resistant to antimicrobials than C. jejuni and ciprofloxacin along with other fluoroquinolones is commonly used to treat severe food-borne and generalized infections, it is crucial to identify the Campylobacter strains to the species level and to test their susceptibility to relevant antibiotics by a valid and reproducible method to be able to provide an effective therapy.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• erythromycin farmakologie   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrolidy farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• tetracyklin farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• erythromycin MeSH
• makrolidy MeSH
• tetracyklin MeSH

Strategies are sought to reduce intestinal colonisation of food-producing animals by Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human foodborne illness worldwide. Presently, we tested the antimicrobial activity of hydrolysable-rich blackberry, cranberry and chestnut tannin extracts and condensed tannin-rich mimosa, quebracho and sorghum tannins (each at 100 mg/mL) against C. jejuni via disc diffusion assay in the presence of supplemental casamino acids. We found that when compared to non-tannin-treated controls, all tested tannins inhibited the growth of C. jejuni and that inhibition by the condensed tannin-rich mimosa and quebracho extracts was mitigated in nutrient-limited medium supplemented with casamino acids. When tested in broth culture, both chestnut and mimosa extracts inhibited growth of C. jejuni and this inhibition was much greater in nutrient-limited than in full-strength medium. Consistent with observations from the disc diffusion assay, the inhibitory activity of the condensed tannin-rich mimosa extracts but not the hydrolysable tannin-rich chestnut extracts was mitigated by casamino acid supplementation to the nutrient-limited medium, likely because the added amino acids saturated the binding potential of the condensed tannins. These results demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of various hydrolysable and condensed tannin-rich extracts against C. jejuni and reveal that condensed tannins may be less efficient than hydrolysable tannins in controlling C. jejuni in gut environments containing high concentrations of amino acids and soluble proteins.

• MeSH
• Aesculus chemie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• diskové difúzní antimikrobiální testy MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny farmakologie   MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proantokyanidiny farmakologie   MeSH
• Rosaceae chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Vaccinium macrocarpon chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny MeSH
• proantokyanidiny MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Organic acids can be used as feed supplements or for treatment of poultry carcasses in processing plants. The antimicrobial activity of nineteen organic acids and two monoacylglycerols in cultures of Campylobacter jejuni CCM 6214(T) (ATCC 33560) was determined using a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay. The IC(50) was a concentration at which only 50 % of a bacteria specific DNA sequence was amplified. Caprylic, capric and lauric acids were the most efficient antimicrobials among the compounds tested (IC(50) < or = 0.1 mg/mL). In a weakly acidic environment (pH 5.5), the antimicrobial activity was more pronounced than at pH 6.5. At pH 5.5, oleic and fumaric acid also had clear antimicrobial activity, as did monocaprylin. The antimicrobial activity of acetic, butyric, stearic and succinic acid was low. In cells treated with fumaric acid, the potential of potassium and tetraphenylphosphonium ion-selective electrodes changed, indicating an increase in cytoplasmic and outer membrane permeability, respectively. No changes in membrane permeability were observed in cells treated with capric acid or monocaprin. Transmission electron microscopy revealed separation of the inner and outer membrane in cells treated with capric and fumaric acid, as well as cytoplasmic disorganization in cells exposed to capric acid.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• barvení a značení metody   MeSH
• benzothiazoly MeSH
• buněčná membrána ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni účinky léků   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• chinoliny MeSH
• diaminy MeSH
• inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• monoglyceridy farmakologie   MeSH
• organické látky metabolismus   MeSH
• permeabilita buněčné membrány účinky léků   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií metody   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• benzothiazoly MeSH
• chinoliny MeSH
• diaminy MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové MeSH
• monoglyceridy MeSH
• organické látky MeSH
• SYBR Green I MeSH Prohlížeč

Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., in particular Campylobacter jejuni, are among the most frequently identified pathogens, found to be causing human gastrointestinal infections in Europe, with the Czech Republic being no exception. The presented work aimed at assessing results of the first nationwide monitoring of prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks in the Czech Republic, including a comparison of antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni isolates collected from poultry and the human community. The monitoring was carried out in poultry slaughterhouses in 2006 and 2007. From broilers, cloacal swabs were collected and examined. The human isolates of C. jejuni were acquired from rectal swabs in community patients with diarrhoeal diseases. Suspected isolates of both animal and human origin were confirmed by the PCR methods. Antibiotic resistance to selected anti-microbial agents was tested by the microdilution method. In the monitored period, the prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in broilers in the Czech Republic reached almost 50%. In 2006, C. jejuni was detected in 46% and Campylobacter coli in 3% of the tested samples. In 2007, C. jejuni was found in 43% and C. coli in 2% of the samples. The results of anti-microbial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni showed higher resistance in animals when compared with humans. The only exception was tetracycline with higher resistance in isolates of human origin. The highest resistance detected was to quinolone antibiotics. Resistance to oxolinic acid was 77% in animal and 60% in human isolates, to ciprofloxacin 72% in isolates from poultry and 55% in those from humans. In ampicillin, 26% of poultry isolates and 16% of human isolates were resistant. Moreover, 9% of animal isolates demonstrated resistance to streptomycin, undetected in human isolates. In erythromycin, resistance was found in 6% of poultry and 1% of human isolates.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
• Campylobacter coli účinky léků   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni účinky léků   MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• kur domácí * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zoonózy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH