Pronator teres syndrome is characterized by compression of the median nerve, leading to dysfunction of the affected limb. Median nerve entrapment causes paresthesia, changes in sensitivity, and loss of strength in the fingers, in addition to causing loss of hand dexterity. The diagnosis of pronator teres syndrome is complicated, due to its similarity with other neuropathies of the median nerve. So, it is important to emphasize the need for a physical examination together with imaging tests, especially ultrasound, for its correct diagnosis. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman who complained of tingling for ten years in the proximal third of the left forearm at rest that worsens on exertion and weakness if not moving. On physical examination, she has no limitation of movement but refers to a feeling of weakness and numbness in his forearm. Ultrasonography demonstrates compression of the median nerve between the ulnar and humeral heads of the pronator teres muscle, a finding confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and electroneuromyography. The patient was treated with physiotherapy presenting improvement of symptoms after 45 days.

• Klíčová slova
• Diagnosis, Median nerve, Ultrasonography,
• MeSH
• artrogrypóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   MeSH
• hereditární motorické a senzitivní neuropatie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody   MeSH
• neuropatie nervus medianus diagnóza   MeSH
• předloktí MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• úžinové syndromy diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

This longitudinal study was aimed to evaluate the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the masticatory muscles during mandibular tasks in women with grade II and III obesity, who were eligible for bariatric surgery. Twenty-one patients were followed up for 3 and 6 months after the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The EMG included analyses of the masseter and temporalis muscles during rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, and dental clenching at maximal voluntary contraction with and without parafilm. Data were tabulated and submitted for statistical analysis using the repeated measures test (P<0.05) with the Bonferroni post-test. Significant differences were observed between the right temporal muscle during maximal voluntary contraction (P=0.003) and maximal voluntary contraction with Parafilm M for the right masseter (P=0.01), left masseter (P=0.03), right temporal (P=0.002), and left temporal (P=0.03) muscles. There was gradual decrease in the resting EMG of the masticatory muscles 6 months after surgery. There was an increase in the EMG of the muscles that are the most active in the neuroanatomical movements of laterality and protrusion 6 months after surgery. There was an increase in EMG in maximal voluntary contraction with and without parafilm, 3 and 6 months after surgery. This study suggests that women with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery had better functional results of the masticatory muscles 3 and 6 months after the procedure, which is an important parameter in surgical planning, functional recovery, and nutritional status.

• Klíčová slova
• Bariatric surgery, Electromyography, Masseter muscle, Obesity, Temporal muscles,
• MeSH
• bariatrická chirurgie metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektromyografie * metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• morbidní obezita chirurgie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• musculus masseter * patofyziologie   MeSH
• musculus temporalis * patofyziologie   MeSH
• obezita patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• svalová kontrakce fyziologie   MeSH
• žaludeční bypass metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This review aims to describe a novel method in the field of electromyography (EMG), established and improved upon in the last three decades that is able to observe specific parameters of muscle units (MUs). This concept is called the decomposition method, based on its ability to decompose a surface EMG signal to describe muscle activity on the level of individual muscle units in contrast to the level of the whole muscle, as is customary for regular surface electromyography. We provide a brief overview of its history, constituent parts regarding both hardware and software and possible applications. We also acknowledge the state of the research, regarding the background of the decomposition algorithm, the main software component responsible for identifying individual motor units and their parameters. As a result of the ability to describe the behavior of individual motor units during muscle contractions, key concepts in neuromuscular physiology have been put forward, pertaining to the hierarchy of MUs during their recruitment. Together with the recent application for cyclic contractions and gait, the decomposition method is beginning to open up wider possibilities of enquiry.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• elektromyografie * metody   MeSH
• kosterní svaly * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické neurony fyziologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• recruitment (neurofyziologie) * fyziologie   MeSH
• svalová kontrakce * fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

This study aimed to investigate how facilitatory and inhibitory KT of the Vastus Medialis affected the activation and the fatigue indices of VM, Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Rectus Femoris (RF) throughout a dynamic fatigue protocol. Seventeen collegiate athletes (Ten males, seven females, age: 24.76 ± 3.99 years, height: 1.73 ± 0.10 m, mass: 68.11 ± 8.54 kg) voluntarily participated in four dynamic fatigue protocol sessions in which no-tape (control condition), inhibitory, facilitatory and sham KTs were applied to the Vastus Medialis in each session. The protocol included 100 dynamic maximum concentric knee extensions at 90°/s using an isokinetic dynamometry device. The knee extensor muscle activities were recorded using wireless surface electromyography. The average muscle activity (Root mean square) during the first three repetitions and the repetitions number of 51-100, respectively, were used to calculate the before and after exhaustion muscle activity. Furthermore, median frequency slope during all repetitions was reported as the fatigue rate of muscles during different KT conditions and for the control condition (no-tape). The results showed neither muscle activation (significance for the main effect of KT; VM = 0.82, VL = 0.72, RF = 0.19) nor fatigue rate (significance for the main effect of KT; VM = 0.11 VL = 0.71, RF = 0.53) of the superficial knee extensor muscles were affected in all four conditions. These findings suggest that the direction of KT cannot reduce, enhance muscle activity or cause changes in muscle exhaustion. Future studies should investigate the generalizability of current findings to other populations.

• MeSH
• čtyřhlavý sval stehenní * fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• svalová únava * fyziologie   MeSH
• tejpovací páska * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Analysis of the reactions of different organs to external stimuli is an important area of research in physiological science. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we investigated the correlation between the brain and facial muscle activities by information-based analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and electromyogram (EMG) signals using Shannon entropy. METHOD: The EEG and EMG signals of thirteen subjects were recorded during rest and auditory stimulations using relaxing, pop, and rock music. Accordingly, we calculated the Shannon entropy of these signals. RESULTS: The results showed that rock music has a greater effect on the information of EEG and EMG signals than pop music, which itself has a greater effect than relaxing music. Furthermore, a strong correlation (r= 0.9980) was found between the variations of the information of EEG and EMG signals. CONCLUSION: The activities of the facial muscle and brain are correlated in different conditions. This technique can be utilized to investigate the correlation between the activities of different organs versus brain activity in different situations.

• Klíčová slova
• EEG signals, EMG signals, Facial muscle, Shannon entropy, brain, correlation, information,
• MeSH
• akustická stimulace MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * metody   MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• obličejové svaly * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Hands and forearms are one of the most common localisations of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dental practitioners. The aim of this study was to objectively assess the local muscular load of hands and forearms of dental practitioners during various treatment procedures using the method of the integrated electromyography (iEMG). This method is used for health risk assessment and categorization of working operation within the official national methodology. METHODS: A total of 24 measurements were performed on 10 dental practitioners during 8 different dental treatments; mostly on those which are most frequent in clinical practice, i.e. endodontic treatment, tooth extraction, tooth restoration with filling and prosthetic treatment. The EMG Holter was used to detect the electromyographic potentials determining the local muscular load. RESULTS: All the muscle groups of the forearm were relatively evenly loaded at work. During the dynamic work activity, the average time-weighted value of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) was in the range from 1 to 30 %MVC for all evaluated muscle groups. The mean average time-weighted value of %MVC did not exceed 6% (a critical limit of the mean average time-weighted value of %MVC) in any of the evaluated muscle groups. The results of the frequency analysis showed that large (55-70 %MVC) and rarely the limits exceeding values (above 70 %MVC) were observed for individual muscle groups. These forces are related to performing tasks at inaccessible locations associated with non-physiological working positions. The differences in the mean forearm muscle load between the upper limbs were statistically significant in total (p < 0.001), for flexors (p = 0.017) and for extensors (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: In view of the results of this study, the work of dentists can be ranked in category 2 in terms of the local muscle load factor according to the currently valid legislation in the Czech Republic.

• Klíčová slova
• dental treatment, evaluation, integrated electromyography, local muscular load, prevention of repetitive strain injury,
• MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• role odborníka * MeSH
• ruka MeSH
• zubní lékaři * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Voice tremor represents a common but frequently overlooked clinical feature of neurological disease. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively and objectively assess the characteristics of voice tremor in a large sample of patients with various progressive neurological diseases. METHODS: Voice samples were acquired from 240 patients with neurological disease and 40 healthy controls. The robust automated method was designed, allowing precise tracking of multiple tremor frequencies and distinguish pathological from the physiological tremor. RESULTS: Abnormal tremor was revealed in Huntington's disease (65%), essential tremor (50%), multiple system atrophy (40%), cerebellar ataxia (40%), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (40%), progressive supranuclear palsy (25%), Parkinson's disease (20%), cervical dystonia (10%), and multiple sclerosis (8%) but not in controls. Low-frequency voice tremor (<4 Hz) was common in all investigated diseases, whereas medium tremor frequencies (4-7 Hz) were specific for movement disorders of Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, essential tremor, and cervical dystonia. CONCLUSIONS: Careful estimation of vocal tremor may help with accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides (i) more insights into the pathophysiology of vocal tremor in a wide range of neurological diseases and (ii) an accurate method for estimation of vocal tremor suitable for clinical practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Dysarthria, Phonatory instability, Tremulous, Vocal, Voice tremor,
• MeSH
• akustika řeči * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   MeSH
• esenciální tremor diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Fourierova analýza * MeSH
• kvalita hlasu fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• poruchy hlasu diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Based on the fact that tremors display some distinct 3D spatial characteristics, we decided to visualise tremor planes in 3D space. We obtained 3-axial linear accelerometer signals of hand tremors from 58 patients with Parkinson´s disease (PD), 37 with isolated resting tremor (iRT), 75 with essential tremor (ET), and 44 healthy volunteers with physiological tremor (Ph). For each group analysis was done with subsequent spatial 3D regression of the input data i.e. along the x, y and z axes; the projected vector lengths in the individual (vertical transversal XY, vertical longitudinal XZ and horizontal YZ) reference frame planes and their angles. Most meaningful and statistically significant differences were found in the analyses of the 3D vector lengths. The tremor of the PD and the iRT group was oriented mainly in the horizontal YZ plane. The tremors of the patients with ET and Ph were oriented approximately in the midway between the all three referential planes with less tilt toward the vertical longitudinal XZ plane.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   MeSH
• esenciální tremor diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tremor diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To determine a minimum number of trials that preserve input-output (I-O) properties of duration and magnitude of exteroceptive EMG suppression (eEMGs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: eEMGs was recorded in 16 healthy subjects from thenar muscles following index finger stimulation at 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 times sensory threshold (xST). Individual trials were rectified and incrementally averaged in blocks of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60. To determine if the block size affects I-O properties, the goodness of curve fit parameter R2 for each block was compared to R2 of the global function across all blocks combined. RESULTS: eEMGs was found in all subjects at 10xST and 20xST (100%, respectively) but less often at 5xST (63-75%) and 2.5xST (25-56%). A quadratic function best described both duration and magnitude of eEMGs. The quadratic R2 did not significantly differ between any individual block function (5-60) and the global function (eEMGs duration 0.647-0.704 vs 0.679; magnitude 0.525-0.602 vs 0.560, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Averaging 5 trials consistently shows eEMGs at and above 10xST. I-O properties of eEMGs do not differ whether 5 or up to 60 trials are averaged. Clinical studies of eEMGs in thenar muscles are possible with as few as 5 trials averaged.

• Klíčová slova
• A-delta fibers, Cutaneous silent period, Exteroceptive suppression, Spinal inhibitory reflex,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   MeSH
• kosterní svaly fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mícha fyziologie   MeSH
• reflex fyziologie   MeSH
• ruka fyziologie   MeSH
• senzorické prahy fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fragmentary myoclonus is a result of muscle activity consisting of brief potentials in surface electromyography during polysomnography. Excessive fragmentary myoclonus is defined by increased intensity of the potentials. A few studies report excessive fragmentary myoclonus occurrence in neurodegenerative diseases. Because idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is considered as an early stage of neurodegeneration with involvement of the brainstem, we charted the prevalence and quantified the intensity of excessive fragmentary myoclonus in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Twenty-nine patients (one woman, 28 men, mean age 68 years, SD 6.2) and 29 controls (two women, 27 men, mean age 65.6 years, SD 8.6) underwent polysomnography. Fragmentary myoclonus potentials were identified and counted according to internationally used criteria. Fragmentary myoclonus intensity was quantified by the fragmentary myoclonus index. Excessive fragmentary myoclonus was diagnosed in 75.9% (22 subjects) in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, while in 34.5% (10 subjects) among the controls (p = 0.003). Quantitative analysis showed a wide-range fragmentary myoclonus index in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (4.0-632.4; median 60.7) and in the controls (0.8-938.1; median 34.3). The overall difference in fragmentary myoclonus index was not significant between the groups; however, patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder showed trends for higher fragmentary myoclonus index scores in wakefulness (p = 0.027), N1 (p = 0.032), N3 (p = 0.046) and R (p = 0.007). Fragmentary myoclonus index does not correlate with age, idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder duration or R stage atonia deficiency. The prevalence of excessive fragmentary myoclonus is higher in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder compared with the controls, so fragmentary myoclonus should be taken into account in future research of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and motor control in sleep.

• Klíčová slova
• electromyographic activity, excessive fragmentary myoclonus, motor dyscontrol, rapid eye movement sleep atonia loss, twitch,
• MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myoklonus etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• polysomnografie metody   MeSH
• porucha chování v REM spánku komplikace   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH