The beneficial influence of bacteriocin-producing, probiotic, mostly non-autochthonous bacteria has already been reported in various animals. However, their use in horses provides limited information, and results with autochthonous bacteria have not been reported. Therefore, the main objective of this model study was to test the effect of autochthonous, bacteriocin-producing faecal strain Enterococcus faecium EF 412 application in horses. One gram of freeze-dried EF 412 strain (109 CFU/mL for 21 days) was applied to horses in a small feed ball. Clinically healthy horses (12), Slovak warm-blood breed of various ages (5-13 years), were involved in a 35-day-long experiment, also functioning as control for themselves. They were stabled in separate boxes (university property), fed twice a day (hay, whole oats or grazed) with water access ad libitum. Sampling was performed at the start of the experiment, i.e. at days 0/1, 21 (3 weeks of EF 412 application) and at day 35 (2 weeks of EF 412 cessation). EF 412 colonized GIT of horses was 3.54 ± 0.75 CFU/g (log 10) at day 21. The eggs of the nematode Strongylus spp. were not found in horses after EF 412 application, and Eimeria spp. oocysts were similarly not found. The other microbiota were not reduced as evaluated by the use of standard method. Using next-generation sequencing, at phylum level, phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated and at family level, they were Bacteroidales BS11 and S24-7 gut goups and Lentisphaerae. In horses, the increasing tendency in phagocytic activity was noted after EF 412 application. Biochemical parameters were in the physiological range. Total protein value was significantly decreased at day 21 compared with day 0/1 as well as with day 35 (P < 0.05). Cholesterol and triglycerides were influenced (decreased) at day 21 compared with day 0/1 and day 35. Neither nematode eggs Strongylus spp. nor Eimeria spp. oocysts were found in faeces after EF 412 application. Autochthonous, faecal strain E. faecium EF 412 showed promising application potential.

• Klíčová slova
• Beneficial strain, Biochemical parameters, Health, Horses, Microbiota, Parasites,
• MeSH
• bakteriociny * metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium * metabolismus   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koně MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• probiotika * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny * MeSH

As potential probiotic traits of human milk-isolated bacteria have increasingly been recognized, this study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum. Among 118 human milk- and colostrum-isolated lactic cocci, only 29 were identified as Enterococcus. Of these, only four Enterococcus faecium isolates exhibited bacteriocigenic activity against several pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes. These isolates exhibited high acid (up to pH 3.0) and bile tolerance (0.5% oxgall) in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, demonstrating their ability to survive through the upper gastrointestinal tract. All of the E. faecium strains were shown to be sensitive to most of the antibiotics including vancomycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, and erythromycin, while they were resistant to kanamycin and chloramphenicol. None of the strains showed any virulence (gelE, agg2, clyA, clyB, clyM) and antibiotic resistance genes (vanA, vanB, ermB, tetM, and aac(6')-le-aph(2″)-la). In addition, all the strains were able to assimilate cholesterol, ranging between 25.2-64.1% and they exhibited variable adherence (19-36%) to Caco-2 cells. Based on the overall results of this in vitro study, four of the E. faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum can be considered as promising probiotic candidates; however, further in vivo evaluations are required.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antibióza MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriociny metabolismus   MeSH
• Caco-2 buňky MeSH
• cholesterol metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• kolostrum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Listeria monocytogenes fyziologie   MeSH
• mateřské mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• probiotika * MeSH
• žaludeční šťáva MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli MeSH

Here, we describe a fluorescent assay developed to study competitive binding of the glycopeptide antibiotics to live bacteria cells. This assay demonstrated that the mechanism of action of the lipoglycopeptide antibiotics strongly depends on the hydrophobicity of the substitutes, with the best antibacterial activity of the glycopeptide antibiotics equally sharing properties of binding to D-Ala-D-Ala residues of the nascent peptidoglycan and to the membrane.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky metabolismus   MeSH
• barvení a značení MeSH
• buněčná stěna mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium metabolismus   MeSH
• enterokoky rezistentní vůči vankomycinu metabolismus   MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• glykopeptidy metabolismus   MeSH
• lipoglykopeptidy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• peptidoglykan metabolismus   MeSH
• rhodaminy chemie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus metabolismus   MeSH
• teikoplanin analogy a deriváty   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• vankomycin chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• vazba proteinů fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• dalbavancin MeSH Prohlížeč
• glykopeptidy MeSH
• lipoglykopeptidy MeSH
• oritavancin MeSH Prohlížeč
• peptidoglykan MeSH
• rhodamine isothiocyanate MeSH Prohlížeč
• rhodaminy MeSH
• teikoplanin MeSH
• vankomycin MeSH

This study presents the effects of the probiotic and enterocin M-producing strain Enterococcus faecium AL41 on microbiota, phagocytic activity (PA), oxidative stress, performance and biochemical parameters when applied individually or in combination with Eleutherococcus senticosus in rabbits. The novelty of the study lies in the use of our non-rabbit-derived strain (AL41 = CCM8558) which produces new enterocin M. Ninety-six post-weaned rabbits (Hyplus breed) aged 5 weeks were divided into three experimental groups, 24 in each: E. senticosus (ES, 30 g/100 kg) in feed, E. faecium AL41 (10(9) CFU/mL marked by rifampicin to differentiate it from other enterococci) in water, and ES + AL. AL41 colonized sufficiently in rabbits to reduce coliforms, staphylococci, pseudomonads and clostridia. Slight decrease in bacteria was also found in the caecum and appendix. Phagocytic activity was significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group (CG) (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). Applications did not evoke oxidative stress. Biochemical parameters in blood and caecal organic acids were slightly influenced. Average daily weight gain was slightly higher in ES and AL + ES. Combinative application of E. faecium with E. senticosus can be beneficial in rabbits. AL41 strain alone and in combination with ES produced reduction in spoilage bacteria; the highest stimulation of PA was in the AL41 + ES group.

• MeSH
• eleuterokok růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• králíci metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• probiotika metabolismus   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• enterocin MeSH Prohlížeč
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny MeSH

Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are grampositive commensal bacteria that may become pathogenic under the selection pressure. In view of natural resistance and effective mechanisms of genetic transfer, the treatment of enterococcal diseases is rather complicated. Aminoglycosides are clinically relevant antimicrobials that are frequently prescribed in practice since having good pharmacokinetics and showing synergism with beta-lactam and glycopeptides. One of the major mechanisms involved in aminoglycoside resistance is inactivation of the antibiotic agent by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AGMEs) differing in the capacity for inactivation of specific types of aminoglycosides. The factors of virulence are also involved in enterococcal pathogenicity but their role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases remains unclear. Production of beta-hemolysin (Hly), gelatinase (Gel), and aggregation substance (AS), and synthesis of enterococcal surface protein (Esp) are among the most frequently studied potential virulence factors.

• MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence fyziologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecalis účinky léků   metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium účinky léků   metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• faktory virulence metabolismus   MeSH
• gentamiciny farmakologie   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• faktory virulence MeSH
• gentamiciny MeSH

Concentrated extracts of MRS (De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe) media in which probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium strain M-74 was grown exerted different antimutagenic activity against ofloxacin-, N-methyl, N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine- and sodium 5-nitro-2-furylacrylate-induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium assay depending on the presence (+Se) or absence of disodium selenite pentahydrate (-Se). The antimutagenicity of MRS(+Se) extract was higher than that of MRS(-Se) extract. Selenium enhanced also the antimutagenic effect of both live and killed cells of E. faecium M-74, respectively. The live bacteria decreased the mutagenicity of selected substances more than killed cells. Synergic activity of selenium with the bacterium was also manifested.

• MeSH
• antimutagenní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• mutageneze účinky léků   MeSH
• mutageny toxicita   MeSH
• probiotika farmakologie   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• selen farmakologie   MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• testy genotoxicity MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antimutagenní látky MeSH
• mutageny MeSH
• selen MeSH

The production of a novel broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide enterococcin A 2000, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms including Listeria subsp. and Escherichia coli, by Enterococcus faecium strain A 2000 isolated from the surface of traditional Bulgarian yellow cheese "kash-kaval" is considerably influenced by complex nitrogen sources in the production medium. Medium components, especially peptone and yeast extract, and their concentration contributed to the increase in bacteriocin production during the stationary phase (16-46 h) of cultivation even in the absence of one of the components present in the basal cultivation MRS medium.

• MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium metabolismus   MeSH
• Escherichia coli metabolismus   MeSH
• kvasinky metabolismus   MeSH
• Listeria metabolismus   MeSH
• peptony metabolismus   MeSH
• sýr MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• peptony MeSH

The diethyl ether extracts isolated from unfermented milk and milk fermented by Enterococcus faecium exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), nitrovin (NIT), 5-nitro-2-furylacrylic acid (NFA) and UV-irradiation on the Ames bacterial test (Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97 and TA100) and the unicellular flagellate Euglena gracilis. Overall, the fermented milk extract was the most active against UV-irradiation, less active against NIT and MNNG, and the least active against NFA on bacteria. The highest antibleaching effects were observed against MNNG. The differences between antimutagenic effects from fermented and unfermented milk extracts were determined to be statistically significant at the 0.95 CI level.

• MeSH
• akryláty toxicita   MeSH
• antimutagenní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium metabolismus   MeSH
• Euglena gracilis účinky léků   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• methylnitronitrosoguanidin toxicita   MeSH
• mléko chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mutageneze * MeSH
• nitrofurany toxicita   MeSH
• nitrovin toxicita   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• akryláty MeSH
• antimutagenní látky MeSH
• methylnitronitrosoguanidin MeSH
• nitrofurany MeSH
• nitrofurylacrylic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• nitrovin MeSH

The bacterial strains E. faecium and S. warneri were tested for their antagonistic activities, and/or for the antimicrobial spectrum of bacteriocin-like substances produced by these bacteria. Isolates of rumen and non-rumen origin were used as indicator strains (Tab. I). All the isolates (except the strains SW48 and EF24c as indicators of rumen origin) produced bacteriocin-like substances inhibiting the growth of at least one of the series of the nine indicators used while clear inhibition zones 2-10 mm prevailed (Tabs. II, III). Among the enterococci, the inhibition of non-rumen indicators was more intensive in comparison with the indicators of rumen origin, but the inhibition zones were only 2-5 mm. In general, the staphylococci showed the antagonistic activity with the lower antimicrobial spectrum in comparison with the enterococci. None of the tested strains inhibited the growth of the indicator E. faecium A26. The summary results show that the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was inhibited. The prolonged cultivation time did not influence the antagonistic activity of the tested strains. In the strains EF35, SW34 and SW98, the antagonistic activity was maintained after trypsin treatment. But in the other strains, this treatment led to the loss of the antagonistic activity. The use of pronase P resulted in the loss of the activity in the strains SW24, EF35 and EF26/142. The use of pronase P did not lead to the loss of the activity in the other tested isolates (Tab. IV).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

• MeSH
• bachor mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium metabolismus   MeSH
• skot mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH

Lactic acid production, urease activity and genetic stability were investigated in five selected rumen strains of Enterococcus faecium. The average value of urease activity in the tested strains was 16.5 +/- 0.953 nkat per ml, two strains were urease-negative. The values of E. faecium strains produced lactic acid ranged from 1.087 +/- 0.134 to 1.787 +/- 0.213 mmol per 1 l. Cultivation of the strains in ethidium bromide (EB) eliminated urease activity of these strains already in the first subculture, but the elimination effects of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and acridine orange (AO) were manifested later on (1-8 subcultures). Lactic acid production was eliminated in all strains from 1st to 8th subculture after cultivation in SDS, EB and also AO.

• MeSH
• bachor mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• laktáty biosyntéza   MeSH
• ovce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• skot mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ureasa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• laktáty MeSH
• ureasa MeSH