Due to their bioavailability, glycosylated carotenoids may have interesting biological effects. Sioxanthin, as a representative of this type of carotenoid, has been identified in marine actinomycetes of the genus Salinispora. This study evaluates, for the first time, the effect of cultivation temperature (T) and light intensity (LI) on the total cellular carotenoid content (TC), antioxidant activity (AA) and sioxanthin content (SX) of a crude extract (CE) from Salinispora tropica biomass in its vegetative state. Treatment-related differences in TC and SX values were statistically significantly and positively affected by T and LI, while AA was most significantly affected by T. In the S. tropica CE, TC correlated well (R2 = 0.823) with SX and somewhat less with AA (R2 = 0.777). A correlation between AA and SX was found to be less significant (R2 = 0.731). The most significant protective effect against oxidative stress was identified in the CE extracted from S. tropica biomass grown at the highest T and LI (CE-C), as was demonstrated using LNCaP and KYSE-30 human cell lines. The CE showed no cytotoxicity against LNCaP and KYSE-30 cell lines.
- Klíčová slova
- Salinispora tropica, antioxidant activity, sioxanthin, total cellular carotenoids,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie farmakologie MeSH
- bifenylové sloučeniny MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- buněčné linie účinky léků MeSH
- karotenoidy metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- komplexní směsi MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Micromonosporaceae * MeSH
- mycelium MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- pikráty MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- vodní organismy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl MeSH Prohlížeč
- antioxidancia MeSH
- bifenylové sloučeniny MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- komplexní směsi MeSH
- pikráty MeSH
- sioxanthin MeSH Prohlížeč
This study explored the antitubercular properties of fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid, against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Two vital enzymes involved in Mtb cell wall biosynthesis, UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) and arylamine-N-acetyltransferase (TBNAT), were selected as drug targets to reveal the mechanism underlying the antitubercular effect of fucoxanthin. The obtained results showed that fucoxanthin showed a clear bacteriostatic action against the all Mtb strains tested, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 2.8 to 4.1 µM, along with a good degree of selectivity index (ranging from 6.1 to 8.9) based on cellular toxicity evaluation compared with standard drug isoniazid (INH). The potent inhibitory actions of fucoxanthin and standard uridine-5'-diphosphate against UGM were recorded to be 98.2% and 99.2%, respectively. TBNAT was potently inactivated by fucoxanthin (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 4.8 µM; 99.1% inhibition) as compared to INH (IC50 = 5.9 µM; 97.4% inhibition). Further, molecular docking approaches were achieved to endorse and rationalize the biological findings along with envisaging structure-activity relationships. Since the clinical evidence of the last decade has confirmed the correlation between bacterial infections and autoimmune diseases, in this study we have discussed the linkage between infection with Mtb and autoimmune diseases based on previous clinical observations and animal studies. In conclusion, we propose that fucoxanthin could demonstrate great therapeutic value for the treatment of tuberculosis by acting on multiple targets through a bacteriostatic effect as well as by inhibiting UGM and TBNAT. Such outcomes may lead to avoiding or decreasing the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases associated with Mtb infection in a genetically susceptible host.
- Klíčová slova
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, UDP-galactopyranose mutase, arylamine-N-acetyltransferase, autoimmunity, fucoxanthin, marine carotenoid, pathogenesis,
- MeSH
- antituberkulotika farmakologie MeSH
- arylamin-N-acetyltransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- buněčná stěna účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- intramolekulární transferasy metabolismus MeSH
- izoenzymy metabolismus MeSH
- karotenoidy farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody MeSH
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- simulace molekulového dockingu metody MeSH
- tuberkulóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- xanthofyly farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antituberkulotika MeSH
- arylamin-N-acetyltransferasa MeSH
- fucoxanthin MeSH Prohlížeč
- intramolekulární transferasy MeSH
- izoenzymy MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- N-acetyltransferase 1 MeSH Prohlížeč
- UDP-galactopyranose mutase MeSH Prohlížeč
- xanthofyly MeSH
Chl synthase (ChlG) is an important enzyme of the Chl biosynthetic pathway catalyzing attachment of phytol/geranylgeraniol tail to the chlorophyllide molecule. Here we have investigated the Flag-tagged ChlG (f.ChlG) in a complex with two different high-light inducible proteins (Hlips) HliD and HliC. The f.ChlG-Hlips complex binds a Chl a and three different carotenoids, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll. Application of ultrafast time-resolved absorption spectroscopy performed at room and cryogenic temperatures revealed excited-state dynamics of complex-bound pigments. After excitation of Chl a in the complex, excited Chl a is efficiently quenched by a nearby carotenoid molecule via energy transfer from the Chl a Qy state to the carotenoid S1 state. The kinetic analysis of the spectroscopic data revealed that quenching occurs with a time constant of ~2ps and its efficiency is temperature independent. Even though due to its long conjugation myxoxanthophyll appears to be energetically best suited for role of Chl a quencher, based on comparative analysis and spectroscopic data we propose that β-carotene bound to Hlips acts as the quencher rather than myxoxanthophyll and zeaxanthin, which are bound at the f.ChlG and Hlips interface. The S1 state lifetime of the quencher has been determined to be 13ps at room temperature and 21ps at 77K. These results demonstrate that Hlips act as a conserved functional module that prevents photodamage of protein complexes during photosystem assembly or Chl biosynthesis.
- Klíčová slova
- Carotenoids, Cyanobacteria, Energy transfer, Femtosecond spectroscopy, High-light inducible proteins, Non-photochemical quenching,
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny chemie MeSH
- fotolýza MeSH
- karotenoidy farmakologie MeSH
- ligasy tvořící vazby C-O chemie MeSH
- sinice enzymologie MeSH
- světlosběrné proteinové komplexy chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- chlorophyll synthetase MeSH Prohlížeč
- high light-inducible protein, cyanobacteria MeSH Prohlížeč
- karotenoidy MeSH
- ligasy tvořící vazby C-O MeSH
- světlosběrné proteinové komplexy MeSH
Safranal and crocin are biologically active compounds isolated from Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron. Clinical trials confirm that saffron has antidepressant effect, thus being a potential valuable alternative in the treatment of depression. The aim of the present study was to determine, whether systemic administration of safranal and crocin can influence the metabolic activity of CYP3A, CYP2C11, CYP2B, and CYP2A in rat liver microsomes (RLM). The experiments were carried out on male Wistar albino rats intragastrically administered with safranal (4, 20, and 100 mg/kg/day) or with intraperitoneal injections of crocin (4, 20, and 100 mg/kg/day). Our results demonstrate the ability of safranal and crocin to increase the total protein content and to change the metabolic activity of several CYP enzymes assessed as CYP specific hydroxylations of testosterone in RLM. Crocin significantly decreased the metabolic activity of all selected CYP enzymes, while safranal significantly increased the metabolic activity of CYP2B, CYP2C11 and CYP3A enzymes. Therefore, both substances could increase the risk of interactions with co-administered substances metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes.
- MeSH
- aktivace enzymů účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Crocus * MeSH
- cyklohexeny izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- jaterní mikrozomy účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- karotenoidy izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus MeSH
- terpeny izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- crocin MeSH Prohlížeč
- cyklohexeny MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- safranal MeSH Prohlížeč
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 MeSH
- terpeny MeSH
PROBLEM: The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of antioxidant lycopene on soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) levels in blood and seminal plasma in normospermic males. METHODS: Study included 15 fertile volunteers and 13 normospermic male partners from infertile relationships. The treatment was 12-week administration of 20 mg of lycopene or placebo followed by crossover and treatment for a further 12 weeks. The ELISA kit Quantikine(®) was used to determine sRAGE levels. RESULTS: Lycopene administration decreased sRAGE levels in seminal plasma in fertile volunteers (controls) as well as in male partners in the infertile relationships group (P=0.008 and P=0.012, respectively). No significant effect of lycopene on sRAGE in blood plasma was found in either group, but seminal plasma sRAGE was significantly suppressed. CONCLUSION: Lycopene decreased sRAGE in seminal, but not in blood plasma. This may be because of selective local uptake of lycopene in the male reproductive tract, namely in prostate. Decreased sRAGE may be caused by lycopene suppression of oxidative stressors and explain in part the putative improvement in fertility reported after lycopene treatment.
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- karotenoidy farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lykopen MeSH
- prostata chemie účinky léků MeSH
- receptor pro konečné produkty pokročilé glykace MeSH
- receptory imunologické analýza MeSH
- sperma chemie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- lykopen MeSH
- receptor pro konečné produkty pokročilé glykace MeSH
- receptory imunologické MeSH
Several health benefits, including protection from tumors at various anatomic sites, such as the lungs, stomach, and prostate gland, have been attributed to tomatoes and tomato-based products. Among tomato carotenoids, lycopene is the most active antioxidant, although it has many other biological effects, but data on its antimutagenic effects are scarce and often discrepant. The aim of our work was to determine the protective effects of lycopene, with regard to mutagenicity, via two indirect mutagens/carcinogens-2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and the direct mutagen/carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU)--using the Ames and micronucleus tests. The significant, dose-dependent, antimutagenic effects of two concentrations of lycopene (30 μg and 300 μg per plate) were demonstrated at various concentrations of both AFB₁ and IQ in two strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100). The protective effects of lycopene relative to MNU were lower in comparison to its protective effects relative to AFB₁ and IQ. Mice treated for 3 days with different doses of lycopene (either 25 or 50 mg/kg of body weight) prior to administration of individual mutagens resulted in a significant reduction of micronuclei numbers in the micronucleus test. Tomato purée (tested using the Ames test and AFB(1)) revealed a much stronger, dose-dependent, antimutagenic effect compared with corresponding doses of pure lycopene. Results indicate that lycopene has antimutagenic effects, although the effects are lower than that of tomato purée, which contains a complex mixture of bioactive phytochemicals. The antimutagenic effect is connected with the chemoprotective role of lycopene, tomatoes, and tomato products in the prevention of carcinogenesis.
- MeSH
- aflatoxin B1 antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- antimutagenní látky analýza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- buňky kostní dřeně účinky léků MeSH
- chinoliny antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- játra metabolismus MeSH
- karcinogeny antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- karotenoidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lykopen MeSH
- methylnitrosomočovina toxicita MeSH
- mikrojaderné testy MeSH
- mutageny metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádory prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ovoce * chemie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků genetika MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum * chemie MeSH
- testy genotoxicity MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline MeSH Prohlížeč
- aflatoxin B1 MeSH
- antimutagenní látky MeSH
- chinoliny MeSH
- karcinogeny MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- lykopen MeSH
- methylnitrosomočovina MeSH
- mutageny MeSH
Enhancement of the immune response leading to protection against bacterial and fungal infections was shown using different schedules of immunization with microbial pigments and a polysaccharide. The group of mice given carotenoids of Rhodotorula glutinis (preparation I) and polysaccharide of Spitulina platensis (IV) survived for 2 weeks after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The groups of mice given carotenoids (I), polysaccharide (IV), I+IV and with the crude phycocyanin of S. platensis (III)+IV survived for 2 weeks after Candida albicans infection. All other groups recorded a maximum level of mortality reaching 2 mice per group either after immunization or post-infection. Adding the carotenoids, phycocyanin and polysaccharides to food as additives might therefore enhance the human immune response against microbial infections.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- Candida albicans imunologie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- imunologické faktory aplikace a dávkování izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kandidóza imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- karotenoidy izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- pseudomonádové infekce imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa imunologie MeSH
- Rhodotorula chemie MeSH
- Spirulina chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- imunologické faktory MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To summarize available data concerning lycopene and male infertility treatment. DESIGN: Review article. SETTING: Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Olomouc. METHODS: Compilation of published data from scientific literature. CONCLUSIONS: The article describes occurrence, biochemistry, metabolism of lycopene and its role in male reproductive health.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- karotenoidy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lykopen MeSH
- mužská infertilita farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- lykopen MeSH
Aggregation of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c from chlorosomes, the main light-harvesting complex of green bacteria, has been studied in aqueous buffer. Unlike other chlorophyll-like molecules, BChl c is rather soluble in aqueous buffer, forming dimers. When BChl c is mixed with carotenoids (Car), the BChl c Qy transition is further redshifted, in respect to that of monomers and dimers. The results suggest that Car are incorporated in the aggregates and induce further aggregation of BChl c. The redshift of the BChl c Qy band is proportional to the Car concentration. In contrast, the mixture of bacteriochlorophyllide (BChlide) c, which lacks the nonpolar esterifying alcohol, does not form aggregates with Car in aqueous buffer or nonpolar solvents. Instead, the position of the BChlide c Qy transition remains unshifted in respect to that of the monomeric molecule, and Car precipitates with the course of time in aqueous buffer. Similar effects on both BChl c and BChlide c are also observed when monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG), which forms the monolayer envelope of chlorosomes, is used instead of (or together with) Car. The results show that the hydrophobic interactions of the BChl c esterifying alcohols with themselves and the nonpolar carbon skeleton of Car, or the fatty acid tails of MGDG, are essential driving forces for BChl aggregation in chlorosomes.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny chemie MeSH
- bakteriochlorofyly chemie MeSH
- Chlorobium chemie MeSH
- galaktolipidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- karotenoidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- pufry MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- spektrální analýza MeSH
- vazba proteinů účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bacteriochlorophyll c MeSH Prohlížeč
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- bakteriochlorofyly MeSH
- galaktolipidy MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- pufry MeSH
- MeSH
- beta-karoten MeSH
- inzulin krev MeSH
- karotenoidy farmakologie MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
- porodní děj krev MeSH
- skot krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- thyroxin krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- beta-karoten MeSH
- inzulin MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- thyroxin MeSH
